Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Pellonula: Latin, pellis = skin + Latin, nullus = no one (Ref. 45335); leonensis: Species is named after the vernacular name in Bambara, 'miri', given by the local fisherman in Mali (Ref. 2756).
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 大洋性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 17°N - 5°S, 18°W - 24°E (Ref. 26213)
Africa: freshwater rivers of West Africa (Ref. 188, 2244), in lagoons, lakes, lower and upper courses of rivers from Senegal to Cross River (Ref. 81269), including upper reaches of Niger and lower parts of Benue River (Ref. 188); and lagoons and lower and middle courses of coastal rivers from Cameroon to Democratic Republic of Congo (Ref. 2244, 81631). Reported from the Léfini River (Ref. 88782), but apparently not in upper parts of Congo system (Ref. 188). Also reported from Atlantic Ocean, including beaches at Hann near Dakar in Senegal and near Pointe Noire in Congo Republic (Ref. 188).
非洲: 潟湖，湖, 河的下游與上游從塞內加爾到喀麥隆, 也在海岸河流域的下游中從喀麥隆到剛果，尼日河上游與貝努埃河下游, 顯然地不在剛果河流域的上部中.(參考文獻 2244) 也記錄自十字河。 (參考文獻 2849)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 3 - ? cm
Max length : 12.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1989); 最大体重: 13.50 g (Ref. 2247)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 19; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 22; 脊椎骨: 39 - 44. Diagnosis: Body slender to moderately deep, its depth 17-30% of standard length; scutes beginning behind base of first pectoral finray, with 8-15 pre-pelvic and 6-10 post-pelvic scutes, and a total of 17-23 scutes, first pre-pelvic scute as long as following scutes lacking ascending arms; lower jaw very slightly projecting, teeth at symphysis only slightly enlarged; pre-maxillary teeth small and inward pointing, only the tips usually apparent, no strongly marked indentation at centre of jaw; lower gillrakers 20-35, equal to or longer than corresponding gill filaments; silver stripe along flank (Ref. 188, 2244, 81269, 81631). It resembles Pellonula vorax, which has larger and straighter teeth, often pointing forward, and scutes before pectoral fin bases (Ref. 188, 2244, 81269, 81631). The absence of large canine teeth in upper jaw distinguishes it from Odaxothrissa; Microthrissa species are deep-bodied and have a much more slender maxilla compared to Pellonula leonensis (Ref. 188).
身体细长的对中等深度。 鳞甲 (17 到 23) 在第一个之后 (通常后面最后的) 开始胸鳍鳍条。 (8-15 腹鳍前的,6-9 后) 下颌非常些微突出, 齿在愈合处只些微地增大了; 在颌的中心的没有强烈显着的压痕。 下鳃耙长的。 银色的斑纹沿着侧面。 具有 36- 在纵向的联机的中等大小的 45个圆形鳞片; 8-15 腹鳍前的与 6-9个后腹鳍鳞甲或龙骨脊; 19- 24个腹部的脊椎骨; 10- 12个前背骨。 酒颜色通常在黄褐色之间总是灰色的有鳃盖，腹面区域与侧边的中央颜色淡的。
Found chiefly in rivers and streams, also man-made and natural lakes (Ref. 188); also in estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 188, 2683). Apparently able to tolerate moderate or even quite high salinities (Ref. 188). It forms enormous shoals in both inshore and offshore regions of Lake Kainji (Ref. 3034). It feeds on terrestrial and aquatic insects, but also ostracods and entomostracans; stomachs containing clupeid fish scales may represent cannibalism (Ref. 188). Reproduction occurs in rivers and lakes, and may be also in estuaries and coastal lagoons (Ref. 2683). It breeds from July to September in Lake Volta (Ref. 188).
主要地在河川与溪流中发现, 也在湖，水库与泻湖中。 显然地能进入半咸淡水与海水。 形成鱼群。 主要夜行。 吃陆生与水生昆虫，也吃介形动物， entomostracans 与仔鱼。 (参考文献 2245) 在湖佛塔河中的来自十一月到七月的繁殖。
Reproduction occurs in rivers and lakes, and may be also in estuaries and coastal lagoons (Ref. 2683). 非洲: 潟湖，湖, 河的下游與上游從塞內加爾到喀麥隆, 也在海岸河流域的下游中從喀麥隆到剛果，尼日河上游與貝努埃河下游, 顯然地不在剛果河流域的上部中.(參考文獻 2244) 也記錄自十字河。 (參考文獻 2849)
Gourène, G. and G.G. Teugels, 1991. Révision du genre Pellonula des eaux douces africaines (Pisces: Clupeidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(3):213-225. (Ref. 2244)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 27.9, mean 26.7 °C (based on 62 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00771 - 0.01030), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 347 [185, 684] mg/100g; Iron = 2.57 [1.57, 4.26] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.8, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.488 [0.262, 0.898] g/100g; Selenium = 43.5 [21.3, 87.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33 [15, 72] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.14 [1.51, 3.17] mg/100g (wet weight);
