Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 5 - 500 m (Ref. 5506). Deep-water; ? - 26°C (Ref. 130590); 57°N - 35°S, 32°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: English Channel southward round the Cape of Good Hope to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 4319), including Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands (Ref. 5506). Also in the Mediterranean and western Black Sea and possibly in the Red Sea (Ref. 5506).
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 13.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5506); common length : 25.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 36731)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 10; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 13 - 15; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 7 - 8.
Found on the shelf and upper slope on rocks, Posidonia beds, sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 5506). Adults feed on fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 27121).
Tortonese, E., 1986. Serranidae. p. 780-792. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 5506)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί; Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.2 - 18, mean 14.4 °C (based on 327 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00801 - 0.01038), b=2.98 (2.94 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.7 (3.6 - 7.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.1-0.3; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (6 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.3 [13.7, 76.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.515 [0.168, 1.123] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [15, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.397 [0.212, 0.744] g/100g; Selenium = 16.3 [6.9, 37.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.4 [3.7, 96.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.419 [0.279, 0.660] mg/100g (wet weight);
