Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 7 - 200 m (Ref. 4417). Tropical; 30°N - 35°S, 24°E - 154°E
Indian Ocean: throughout the region including the Red Sea and Persian Gulf; south to Algoa Bay in South Africa (Ref. 4417). Western Pacific: Taiwan southward to New Guinea and extending to the northeastern coast of Australia.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.5 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 117081); common length : 15.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9774); peso máx. Publicado: 760.00 g (Ref. 117081)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 67 - 74; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 52 - 66. Eyed side with dark rings arranged in about 5 longitudinal rows; dark blotch at junction of straight and curved parts of lateral line and 2 smaller ones on the lateral line at posterior part of body and anterior end of caudal peduncle; small dark spots and elongate markings on median fins; pectoral fins with 10-12 rays on eyed side, 10-11 rays on blind side (Ref. 4417).
Found on clay, sand and mud bottoms of the continental shelf. Feeds on benthic animals (Ref. 5213). Mainly sold fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Bothidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3322)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 28.4, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1175 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00537 - 0.00892), b=3.17 (3.12 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
