Family Paralichthyidae - Large-tooth flounders
Order : Pleuronectiformes Paralichthyidae Paralichthyidae
Class : Teleostei
No. in FishBase : Genera : 10 | Species : 65 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
Environment : Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes
Division : Marine
Aquarium : none
First Fossil Record : upper   Tertiary     Miocene Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958
Remark : Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; marine, rarely in freshwater. Eyes on the left side. No spines in pectoral and pelvic fins; pelvic fin bases short and nearly symmetrical. Eggs with a single oil globule in the yolk. Placement of Tephrinectes and Thysanopsetta into this family is only provisional.
Etymology : Greek, paralia, -as = seaside, coast + Greek, ichthys = fish ( Ref. 45335).
Reproductive guild : nonguarders
Typical activity level : normal
Main Ref. : Nelson, J.S. 1994
Coordinator : Nelson, J.S. 1994
Deep Fin Classification : Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Carangaria | | | Pleuronectiformes | Pleuronectoidei | | Paralichthyidae

Show species images | Show valid names | Nominal species list | Identification keys | CAS specimen photos | References

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948 ]
Glossary
[ e.g. oophagy ]


Species/Synonymy list for the family Paralichthyidae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

Show all | Show only accepted name | Show only accepted and original names
Scientifc name Status Senior/Junior synonym Combination
Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes dentatus Linnaeus, 1766
synonymseniororiginal
Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839)
acceptedseniornew
Platessa orbignyana Valenciennes, 1839
synonymseniororiginal
! Paralichthys orbignyana (Valenciennes, 1839)
synonymseniornew
! Pleuronectes orbignyana (Valenciennes, 1842)
synonymseniornew
Xystreurys ribeiroi Fowler & Bean, 1923
synonymjuniororiginal
Paralichthys simulans Lahille, 1939
synonymjuniororiginal
ambiguousotheroriginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Rhombus aramaca Castelnau, 1855
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudorhombus vorax Günther, 1862
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
acceptedseniornew
Hippoglossus olivaceus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner, 1867)
acceptedseniornew
Pseudorhombus adspersus Steindachner, 1867
synonymseniororiginal
Hippoglossus kingii Jenyns, 1842
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Paralichthys microps (Günther, 1881)
acceptedseniornew
Hippoglossina microps Günther, 1881
synonymseniororiginal
Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
acceptedseniororiginal
Paralichthys squamilentus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
acceptedseniororiginal
Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884
acceptedseniororiginal
! Paralichthys letostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Paralichthys bicyclophorus Miranda Ribeiro, 1915
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897
acceptedseniororiginal
! Paralichthys woolmanni Jordan & Williams, 1897
synonymseniororiginal
Paralichthys sinaloae Jordan & Abbott, 1898
synonymjuniororiginal
Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert & Scofield, 1898
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner, 1903
acceptedseniororiginal
Paralichthys hilgendorfii Steindachner, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
! Paralichthys hilgendorfi Steindachner, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
Paralichthys schmitti Ginsburg, 1933
synonymjuniororiginal
Paralichthys triocellatus Miranda Ribeiro, 1903
acceptedseniororiginal
Paralichthys tropicus Ginsburg, 1933
acceptedseniororiginal
Paralichthys delfini Pequeño & Plaza, 1987
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes arsius Hamilton, 1822
synonymseniororiginal
! Pseudorhombus arius (Hamilton, 1822)
synonymseniornew
Rhombus lentiginosus Richardson, 1843
synonymjuniororiginal
Rhombus polyspilos Bleeker, 1853
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudorhombus polyspilos (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymjuniornew
! Pseudorhombus polyspilus (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymotheroriginal
! Neorhombus ocellatus De Vis, 1886
synonymotheroriginal
Pseudorhombus andersoni Gilchrist, 1904
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudorhombus oligodon (non Bleeker, 1854)
misappliedmisappliednew
Pseudorhombus triocellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes triocellatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
! Pseudorhombus russelli (Gray, 1834)
synonymjuniornew
Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
acceptedseniornew
Rhombus cinnamoneus Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
synonymseniororiginal
! Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
synonymseniornew
Pseudorhombus neglectus (non Bleeker, 1865)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Pseudorhombus levisquamis (non Oshima, 1927)
misappliedmisappliednew
Pseudorhombus javanicus (Bleeker, 1853)
acceptedseniornew
Rhombus javanicus Bleeker, 1853
synonymseniororiginal
Platophrys javanicus (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymseniornew
! Pseudorhambus javanicus (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymseniornew
Pseudorhombus oligodon (Bleeker, 1854)
acceptedseniornew
Rhombus oligodon Bleeker, 1854
synonymseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus arsius (non Hamilton, 1822)
misappliedmisappliednew
Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
misappliedmisappliednew
Pseudorhombus jenynsii (Bleeker, 1855)
acceptedseniornew
Platessa jenynsii Bleeker, 1855
synonymseniororiginal
! Pseudothombus jenynsii (Bleeker, 1855)
synonymseniornew
Pseudorhombus argus (non Weber, 1913)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus oligodon (non Bleeker, 1854)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniororiginal
Platophrys neglectus (Bleeker, 1865)
synonymseniornew
Pseudorhombus jenynsii (non Bleeker, 1855)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
Pseudorhombus natalensis Gilchrist, 1904
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus arsius (non Hamilton, 1822)
misappliedmisappliednew
Pseudorhombus russelli (non Gray, 1834)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymseniororiginal
Platophrys palad Evermann & Seale, 1907
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
! Pseudorhombus elevates Ogilby, 1912
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudorhombus arsius (non Hamilton, 1822)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus jenynsii (non Bleeker, 1855)
misappliedmisappliednew
Pseudorhombus spinosus McCulloch, 1914
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus Weber & de Beaufort, 1929
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus sp. 1 Not applicable
synonymotherother
Pseudorhombus malayanus (non Bleeker, 1865)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Cephalopsetta ventrocellata (non Dutt & Rao, 1965)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Pseudorhombus binii Tortonese, 1955
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Tephrinectes sinensis (Lacepède, 1802)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes sinensis Lacepède, 1802
synonymseniororiginal
Paralichthys sinensis (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniororiginal
synonymseniororiginal
Paralichthys ommatus Jordan & Gilbert, 1883
synonymotheroriginal
Ancylopsetta ommata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
synonymothernew
Ancylopsetta dilecta (Goode & Bean, 1883)
acceptedseniornew
Notosema dilecta Goode & Bean, 1883
synonymseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus dendritica (Gilbert, 1890)
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Hippoglossina macrops Steindachner, 1876
acceptedseniororiginal
Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill, 1815)
acceptedseniornew
Pleuronectes oblongus Mitchill, 1815
synonymseniororiginal
Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill, 1815)
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniororiginal
! Hippoglossina bollsmani Gilbert, 1890
synonymseniororiginal
Hippoglossina stomata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Thysanopsetta naresi Günther, 1880
acceptedseniororiginal
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
acceptedseniororiginal
Xystreurys rasilis (Jordan, 1891)
acceptedseniornew
Verecundum rasile Jordan, 1891
synonymseniororiginal
! Xystreurys rasile (Jordan, 1891)
synonymseniornew
acceptedseniororiginal
Tarphops oligolepis (Bleeker, 1858)
acceptedseniornew
Rhombus oligolepis Bleeker, 1858
synonymseniororiginal
Pseudorhombus oligolepis (Bleeker, 1858)
synonymseniornew
Tarphops elegans Amaoka, 1969
acceptedseniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
! Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus Dutt & Rao, 1965
synonymseniororiginal
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