Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 7 - 200 m (Ref. 4417). Tropical; 30°N - 35°S, 24°E - 154°E
Indian Ocean: throughout the region including the Red Sea and Persian Gulf; south to Algoa Bay in South Africa (Ref. 4417). Western Pacific: Taiwan southward to New Guinea and extending to the northeastern coast of Australia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.5 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 117081); common length : 15.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9774); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 760.00 g (Ref. 117081)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 67 - 74; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 52 - 66. Eyed side with dark rings arranged in about 5 longitudinal rows; dark blotch at junction of straight and curved parts of lateral line and 2 smaller ones on the lateral line at posterior part of body and anterior end of caudal peduncle; small dark spots and elongate markings on median fins; pectoral fins with 10-12 rays on eyed side, 10-11 rays on blind side (Ref. 4417).
Found on clay, sand and mud bottoms of the continental shelf. Feeds on benthic animals (Ref. 5213). Mainly sold fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Bothidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3322)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 28.4, mean 26.9 °C (based on 1175 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00537 - 0.00892), b=3.17 (3.12 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
