Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
; المياه العذبة قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; pH range: 8.0 - ?; سمكة نهرية (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - ? (Ref. 85713)
Asia: Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and China; probably Sri Lanka (Ref. 4832). Also reported from Iran (Ref. 39702), Afghanistan (Ref. 41034) and Bhutan (Ref. 40882).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4832)
Adults inhabit torrential hill-streams in shallow waters (Ref. 4832). They migrate to warmer regions of lakes and streams during winter (Ref. 40974). Used commonly by anglers as bait for Raiamas bola and Tor putitora. Herbivorous (Refs. 40948, 56237). Highly esteemed as food.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; طعم: usually
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00531 - 0.01717), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).