Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten pelagic-oceanic; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 500 m, usually 5 - 250 m (Ref. 54928). Subtropical; 50°N - 16°N, 20°W - 43°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Mauritania including the Mediterranean Sea. The subspecies Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus occurs in the Marmara and Black seas, southern and western parts of the Azov Sea.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 20.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Adults are found usually near the bottom, at times also in surface waters; pelagic and migratory in large schools. They feed on other fishes especially sardines, anchovies, etc. and small crustaceans (Ref. 4233). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 21, mean 17.4 °C (based on 748 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00774 - 0.00980), b=2.97 (2.94 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.25; assumed tm=1-2; tmax=12).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 6 full stock assessments.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 215 [146, 344] mg/100g; Iron = 3.76 [2.38, 6.28] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [19.1, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.38 [0.27, 0.54] g/100g; Selenium = 26 [17, 40] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.8 [3.7, 48.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.94 [1.49, 2.61] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.