分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 60 - 250 m (Ref. 89707). 熱帶; 33°N - 27°S, 95°W - 33°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Adults are unknown from the northeastern coast of the USA.
西大西洋: 百慕達群島與美國麻薩諸塞州到巴西南部; 包括墨西哥灣南部，佛羅里達珊瑚礁，巴哈馬，古巴與在加勒比海各處。 成魚是未知的從美國的東北方海岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 67.7, range 47 - 95.1 cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 100.0 kg (Ref. 26340)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 13. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Side body has rectangular dark gray blotches. Outer third of second dorsal, anal and caudal fins black. Edge of preopercle smooth, without pronounced lobe at angle; 17-24 total gill rakers (Ref. 26938); depth of body 3.3-3.5 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.8 times in SL; evenly rounded preopercle, without distinct notch or lobe at the angle; subequal sizes of anterior and posterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
侧边身体有矩形的深灰色斑块。 第二背鳍，臀鳍与尾鳍黑色的外面第三个。 前鳃盖骨的边缘平滑的, 角落没有明显的叶; 17-24个总鳃耙.(参考文献 26938)
Minimum depth from Ref. 126840. A solitary species (Ref. 26340) inhabiting rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Adults feed primarily on fishes; juveniles mainly on crustaceans. Oviparous (Ref. 205). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Forms spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). Common but difficult to approach (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh and its flesh is of excellent quality.
一种独居性种 (参考文献 26340) 居住于岩石与珊瑚礁.(参考文献 9710) 成鱼主要捕食鱼; 稚鱼主要吃甲壳动物。 卵生的.(参考文献 205) 一个雌性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 55367) 产卵群集的表格.(参考文献 55367) 普遍的但是困难的接近.(参考文献 9710) 在市场上销售生鲜地了，而且它的肉是有优良质量的。
A monandric species (Ref. 55367). According to a study in Campeche Bank, females changed sex between 85.5 and 125.0 cm FL, with median length of 103.3 cm FL. At 114.5 cm FL, 50% of the females in the sample had transformed into males. Age at sex change = 15.5 years (Ref. 55367).西大西洋: 百慕達群島與美國麻薩諸塞州到巴西南部; 包括墨西哥灣南部，佛羅里達珊瑚礁，巴哈馬，古巴與在加勒比海各處。 成魚是未知的從美國的東北方海岸。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
临近濒危 (NT) (A4bd); Date assessed: 20 November 2016
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00850 - 0.01290), b=3.05 (3.02 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16; tmax=14; Fec=500,000).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.6 [6.2, 22.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.455 [0.225, 0.794] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.6, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.222 [0.129, 0.386] g/100g; Selenium = 27.9 [14.5, 53.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 43.2 [14.9, 149.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.414 [0.279, 0.638] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
