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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 3 - 30 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 31°N - 30°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Bahamas, Florida (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.2 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9626); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3798)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 12; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 16 - 18; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 8. Silvery, the edges of the scales narrowly brown, the centers on upper half of body with a spot which may vary in color from yellow through bronze to dark brown (forming oblique dotted lines following scale rows) (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits shallow coastal reefs, the young on seagrass beds, adults in schools in relatively open areas (Ref. 9710). Rare at oceanic islands (Ref. 9710). Feeds at night on mollusks and small fishes (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 724 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00817 - 0.02127), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.24).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.8 [9.8, 59.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.531 [0.258, 1.032] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.067, 0.287] g/100g; Selenium = 14.3 [6.4, 29.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.6 [9.2, 127.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.681 [0.413, 1.102] mg/100g (wet weight);