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Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Xenentodon: Greek, xenos = strange + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Hamilton.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-neritic; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20 - ?; 非遷移的 (Ref. 126106); 深度上下限 0 - 2 m (Ref. 58302). 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672); 38°N - 5°N
Asia: Sri Lanka and India eastward to the Mekong.
亞洲: 斯里蘭卡與印度向東至湄公河。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4833); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4833)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 18. Body very elongate and slightly compressed. Dorsal fin inserted usually anterior to a vertical through the origin of the anal fin. Green-silvery dorsally, grading to whitish below. A silvery band with a dark margin run along the side; a series of four or five blotches (absent in young specimens) on sides between the pectoral and anal fins. Dorsal and anal fins with dark edges.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
身體非常長與些微扁長形。 背鰭插入點通常位於一個垂直的經過臀鰭起點前。 綠色的-銀色的背面, 漸層色到腹面略白的。 一條銀色的條紋具有一個沿著側邊的深色邊; 在胸鰭與臀鰭之間的側邊上的一系列的四或五個斑塊 (不存在於幼小的標本)。 背鰭與臀鰭有深色的邊緣。
Adults occur primarily in rivers (Ref. 4833); also in ponds, canals, beels, and inundated fields (Ref. 1479). Often found in slow-flowing pools in rivers with a rock or sand substrate (Ref. 6028). They inhabit large and medium-sized rivers with adults occurring in areas that lack floating vegetation (Ref. 12693). A solitary species that swims in midwater, usually against the current, and is capable of bursts of speed, especially when in pursuit of its prey. Observed to feed exclusively on crustaceans in the wild; but take live fish only when in an aquarium (Ref. 6028). Also feeds on small fishes and insects (Ref. 12693). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). This fish is capable of nipping the fingers or killing a person by leaping at them at great speed (Ref. 6028; Kullander (pers. comm., 2001), however, suggests that the "killing a person" statement may be exaggerated). Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693).
主要地在河中生存;(參考文獻 4833) 也在池塘,運河, beels 與浸水的田地中.(參考文獻 1479) 時常發現於在河中的緩慢流動的水池具有一個岩石或沙子底部.(參考文獻 6028) 棲息於大而中等大小的河成魚形成缺乏漂浮的植物的區域.(參考文獻 12693) 在中層水域中的游泳, 通常逆著水流, 而且能夠快速衝出的一種獨居性魚, 尤其當追逐它的獵物。 觀察在荒野中只吃甲殼動物; 但是帶活的魚只有當在一個水族館的時候.(參考文獻 6028) 也吃小魚與昆蟲。 (參考文獻 12693) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 卵可能被發現於在卵的表面上的捲鬚水依附於目標。 (參考文獻 205) 這一個魚能夠刺穿手指或殺害一個人藉由跳躍在他們以大的速度 (參考文獻 6028; Kullander(pers. comm。,2001),然而,顯示出那 " 殺害一個人 " 陳述可能是誇大的). 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。 (參考文獻 12693)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Male pursues a slow-moving female and upon catching up with the female, will begin shuddering from side to side while the pair is oriented parallel to each other; the pair positions themselves close to submerged vegetation; male assumes a slight head-down position , with his anal fin curled under the female's vent; the pair begins trembling until a single large egg is released; each female produces about a dozen eggs per day; eggs hatch in about a week; no parental care (Ref. 44091).亞洲: 斯里蘭卡與印度向東至湄公河。
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 August 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 潛在的
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00115 (0.00094 - 0.00140), b=3.12 (3.06 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.9 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 284 [95, 708] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.3, 18.3] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.082, 0.602] g/100g; Selenium = 36.6 [14.8, 85.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 43.9 [18.2, 104.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.72 [1.04, 2.47] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.