Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 20 - 40 m (Ref. 128147). Temperate; 67°N - 35°N
Northwest Pacific: inland Sea of Japan and Wakasa Bay, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Primorskii Krai, east coast of the Korean Peninsula, the Yellow Sea, Gulf of Bo Hai and middle East China Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 23.5, range 23 - 24 cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 559); common length : 28.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56527); max. published weight: 1.3 kg (Ref. 56527); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 56527)
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.2 - 18.3, mean 13.3 °C (based on 36 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00462 - 0.01084), b=3.12 (2.99 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.2).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.9 [14.5, 62.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.267 [0.137, 0.502] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.7, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.32 [0.16, 0.66] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [8.3, 32.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.01 [2.18, 36.88] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.444 [0.299, 0.656] mg/100g (wet weight);