分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 43 m (Ref. 89891). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W
Western Atlantic: Virginia to Texas in USA, northern Mexico, south to Trinidad and Tobago.
西大西洋: 在美國的北卡羅萊那州到德克薩斯, 但是佛羅里達南部沒有出現。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 35 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3275); 最大体重: 9.3 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 8 年 (Ref. 46275)
A cryptic species that tolerates low salinities; occurs frequently in brackish bays and estuaries, even on occasion in fresh water (Ref. 9988). Minimum depth is at 0.7 meters (Ref. 128969). Adults are found mostly over mud bottoms in estuaries and coastal waters to about 40 m depth. Taken by anglers inshore from bridges, jetties and small boats. They move to deeper water in winter, but are still easily accessible (Ref. 9988). Adults feed chiefly on fishes, also on crabs and shrimps. Juveniles take mainly small bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
大部分配现于在河口的泥底之上了，而且沿岸水域到大约 40 公尺深。 一个善于隐藏的鱼种; 容忍低的盐度; 时常在半咸淡的海湾与河口中出现, 甚至有时候在淡水中.(参考文献 9988) 采自了来自桥, 突堤与小的船的垂钓者沿海地区; 这种移动到较深的水域冬天时, 但是仍然容易可接近.(参考文献 9988) 主要捕食鱼, 也捕食螃蟹与虾。 稚鱼吃主要小型底栖性无脊椎动物。 在市场上销售生鲜和冷冻; 清蒸,油炸,煮沸, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 在美國的北卡羅萊那州到德克薩斯, 但是佛羅里達南部沒有出現。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 24.9, mean 23.9 °C (based on 168 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00365 - 0.00908), b=3.19 (3.06 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.21-0.23; tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 59.8 [28.1, 127.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.832 [0.414, 1.467] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [14.4, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.177 [0.092, 0.329] g/100g; Selenium = 27.5 [13.9, 60.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.32 [1.60, 17.66] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.618 [0.423, 0.918] mg/100g (wet weight);
