分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Ablennes: Greek, a = without + Greek, blennos = mucus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 3 m (Ref. 58047). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 37°S, 180°W - 180°E
Worldwide distribution in tropical and warm temperate waters. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde and Dakar to Moçamedes, Angola (Ref. 5757); ranging further south to Namibia (Ref. 12484). Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Throughout the Indian Ocean. Western Pacific: off coasts and islands from southern Japan through the East Indies to Australia (Ref. 9682). Reported from Tuvalu (Ref. 12690). Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru. Entire Caribbean, Antilles and South American coast to Rio de Janeiro (Ref. 26938).
分布於全世界的熱帶與溫帶的水域。 東大西洋: 維德角與達喀爾到安哥拉的莫卡米底斯;(參考文獻 5757) 範圍更南方到那米比亞。 (參考文獻 12484) 西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 在印度洋各處。 西太平洋: 來自日本南部經過東印度群島到澳洲的外海的海岸與島.(參考文獻 9682) 記錄來自吐瓦魯了。 (參考文獻 12690) 東太平洋: 墨西哥到祕魯。 整個的加勒比海，安地列斯群島與南美洲岸邊到里約熱內盧.(參考文獻 26938)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 70.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9279); 最大体重: 4.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 23 - 26; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 24 - 28; 脊椎骨: 86 - 93. Dark bluish dorsally, silvery white ventrally with black blotches on middle of body (Ref. 5317). Body greatly compressed laterally; anterior parts of dorsal and anal fins with high falcate lobes. Pectoral fins falcate; about 12-14 prominent dark vertical bars on body; juveniles and adults have an elevated black lobe in the posterior part of the dorsal fin.
深蓝色的背面, 腹面银白色的在身体的中央上有黑色的斑块.(参考文献 5317) 身体极扁长形的侧面地; 前部高度地背鳍与臀鳍有镰刀状的叶。 胸鳍镰刀状的; 大约 12- 在身体上的 14个突出的黑纵带; 稚鱼与成鱼在后面的部分背鳍中有一个升高的黑色叶。
Inhabits neritic and oceanic waters but more often found near islands (Ref. 5213). Found in estuaries (Ref. 26340), and coastal rivers (Ref. 33587). Sometimes forming large schools (Ref. 5217). Feeds mainly on small fishes (Ref. 9279). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by filaments on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Since the jaws are frequently broken, the maximum length is given as body length excluding head and caudal fin. Usually caught with the help of artificial lights (Ref. 9279). Marketed fresh and salted; smoked or frozen (Ref. 9987). Market limited due to the green-colored flesh (Ref. 5217). In females, only left gonad is developed, and in males the right gonad is small or absent (Ref. 26938).
栖息于浅海的与大洋性水域但是更时常在岛的附近发现.(参考文献 5213) 发现于河口 (参考文献 26340), 与沿海的河川了。 (参考文献 33587) 有时形成大群鱼群。 (参考文献 5217) 主要吃小鱼。 (参考文献 9279) 卵生的.(参考文献 205) 卵可能被发现于在卵的表面上的丝状突起的水依附于目标。 (参考文献 205) 由于下颌时常被打破, 最大的长度被当作排除头部与尾鳍的体长。 通常用人造光的帮忙捕获了。 (参考文献 9279) 在市场上销售生鲜地了与盐腌的; 烟熏了或冷凍的.(參考文獻 9987) 銷售市場有限由於綠色的肉.(參考文獻 5217) 在雌性中，唯一的左邊生殖腺是發展的，而且在雄性中右邊的生殖腺很小或不存在。 (參考文獻 26938)
分布於全世界的熱帶與溫帶的水域。 東大西洋: 維德角與達喀爾到安哥拉的莫卡米底斯;(參考文獻 5757) 範圍更南方到那米比亞。 (參考文獻 12484) 西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 在印度洋各處。 西太平洋: 來自日本南部經過東印度群島到澳洲的外海的海岸與島.(參考文獻 9682) 記錄來自吐瓦魯了。 (參考文獻 12690) 東太平洋: 墨西哥到祕魯。 整個的加勒比海，安地列斯群島與南美洲岸邊到里約熱內盧.(參考文獻 26938)
Collette, B.B., 1999. Belonidae. Needlefishes. p. 2151-2161. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9682)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 29.2, mean 27.9 °C (based on 4228 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00085 (0.00046 - 0.00157), b=3.12 (2.96 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tmax>3; K=0.6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 40.3 [10.1, 162.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.555 [0.225, 1.432] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.7, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.168 [0.064, 0.510] g/100g; Selenium = 13.3 [5.2, 39.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 36.3 [8.3, 189.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.516 [0.290, 0.962] mg/100g (wet weight);
