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Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Ablennes: Greek, a = without + Greek, blennos = mucus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 3 m (Ref. 58047). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 37°S, 180°W - 180°E
Worldwide distribution in tropical and warm temperate waters. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde and Dakar to Moçamedes, Angola (Ref. 5757); ranging further south to Namibia (Ref. 12484). Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil (Ref. 7251). Throughout the Indian Ocean. Western Pacific: off coasts and islands from southern Japan through the East Indies to Australia (Ref. 9682). Reported from Tuvalu (Ref. 12690). Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru. Entire Caribbean, Antilles and South American coast to Rio de Janeiro (Ref. 26938).
分布於全世界的熱帶與溫帶的水域。 東大西洋: 維德角與達喀爾到安哥拉的莫卡米底斯;(參考文獻 5757) 範圍更南方到那米比亞。 (參考文獻 12484) 西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 在印度洋各處。 西太平洋: 來自日本南部經過東印度群島到澳洲的外海的海岸與島.(參考文獻 9682) 記錄來自吐瓦魯了。 (參考文獻 12690) 東太平洋: 墨西哥到祕魯。 整個的加勒比海，安地列斯群島與南美洲岸邊到里約熱內盧.(參考文獻 26938)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 70.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9279); 最大體重: 4.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 23 - 26; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 24 - 28; 脊椎骨: 86 - 93. Dark bluish dorsally, silvery white ventrally with black blotches on middle of body (Ref. 5317). Body greatly compressed laterally; anterior parts of dorsal and anal fins with high falcate lobes. Pectoral fins falcate; about 12-14 prominent dark vertical bars on body; juveniles and adults have an elevated black lobe in the posterior part of the dorsal fin.
深藍色的背面, 腹面銀白色的在身體的中央上有黑色的斑塊.(參考文獻 5317) 身體極扁長形的側面地; 前部高度地背鰭與臀鰭有鐮刀狀的葉。 胸鰭鐮刀狀的; 大約 12- 在身體上的 14個突出的黑縱帶; 稚魚與成魚在後面的部分背鰭中有一個升高的黑色葉。
Inhabits neritic and oceanic waters but more often found near islands (Ref. 5213). Found in estuaries (Ref. 26340), and coastal rivers (Ref. 33587). Sometimes forming large schools (Ref. 5217). Feeds mainly on small fishes (Ref. 9279). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by filaments on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Since the jaws are frequently broken, the maximum length is given as body length excluding head and caudal fin. Usually caught with the help of artificial lights (Ref. 9279). Marketed fresh and salted; smoked or frozen (Ref. 9987). Market limited due to the green-colored flesh (Ref. 5217). In females, only left gonad is developed, and in males the right gonad is small or absent (Ref. 26938).
棲息於淺海的與大洋性水域但是更時常在島的附近發現.(參考文獻 5213) 發現於河口 (參考文獻 26340), 與沿海的河川了。 (參考文獻 33587) 有時形成大群魚群。 (參考文獻 5217) 主要吃小魚。 (參考文獻 9279) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 卵可能被發現於在卵的表面上的絲狀突起的水依附於目標。 (參考文獻 205) 由於下頜時常被打破, 最大的長度被當作排除頭部與尾鰭的體長。 通常用人造光的幫忙捕獲了。 (參考文獻 9279) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了與鹽醃的; 煙燻了或冷凍的.(參考文獻 9987) 銷售市場有限由於綠色的肉.(參考文獻 5217) 在雌性中，唯一的左邊生殖腺是發展的，而且在雄性中右邊的生殖腺很小或不存在。 (參考文獻 26938)
分布於全世界的熱帶與溫帶的水域。 東大西洋: 維德角與達喀爾到安哥拉的莫卡米底斯;(參考文獻 5757) 範圍更南方到那米比亞。 (參考文獻 12484) 西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣 (美國) ，百慕達群島與墨西哥灣北部到巴西.(參考文獻 7251) 在印度洋各處。 西太平洋: 來自日本南部經過東印度群島到澳洲的外海的海岸與島.(參考文獻 9682) 記錄來自吐瓦魯了。 (參考文獻 12690) 東太平洋: 墨西哥到祕魯。 整個的加勒比海，安地列斯群島與南美洲岸邊到里約熱內盧.(參考文獻 26938)
Collette, B.B., 1999. Belonidae. Needlefishes. p. 2151-2161. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9682)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 29.2, mean 27.9 °C (based on 4228 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00085 (0.00046 - 0.00157), b=3.12 (2.96 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tmax>3; K=0.6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 40.3 [10.1, 162.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.555 [0.225, 1.432] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.7, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.168 [0.064, 0.510] g/100g; Selenium = 13.3 [5.2, 39.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 36.3 [8.3, 189.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.516 [0.290, 0.962] mg/100g (wet weight);
