Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; мигрирует в океане (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины ? - 20 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical; 22°S - 40°S, 60°W - 42°W (Ref. 189)
Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm SL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 27363); common length : 9.0 cm SL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 27363)
Краткое описание
определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 12 - 13; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 20 - 24. Snout long and pointed, almost equal to eye diameter; maxilla fairly long, tip bluntly pointed, reaching just or almost to hind border of pre-operculum; gill cover canals of panamensis-type; pseudobranch long, more than eye diameter, with about 30 filaments. Anus nearer to anal fin origin than to pelvic fin tips (Ref. 189). Body dark blue or greenish above, with a wide silver stripe along sides (Ref. 27363).
Found inshore down to at least 20 m deep (Ref. 189). Presumably feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 189). Eggs recorded off Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil in July and late August to early September, oval in shape and 0.94-1.02 by 0.68-0.83 mm (Ref. 189).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00245 - 0.00814), b=3.14 (2.99 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 215 [131, 529] mg/100g; Iron = 2.15 [1.12, 4.01] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.5, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.222, 0.832] g/100g; Selenium = 17 [7, 40] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.6, 59.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.2 [0.8, 1.8] mg/100g (wet weight);
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