Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους ? - 20 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical; 22°S - 40°S, 60°W - 42°W (Ref. 189)
Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 27363); common length : 9.0 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 27363)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 12 - 13; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 20 - 24. Snout long and pointed, almost equal to eye diameter; maxilla fairly long, tip bluntly pointed, reaching just or almost to hind border of pre-operculum; gill cover canals of panamensis-type; pseudobranch long, more than eye diameter, with about 30 filaments. Anus nearer to anal fin origin than to pelvic fin tips (Ref. 189). Body dark blue or greenish above, with a wide silver stripe along sides (Ref. 27363).
Found inshore down to at least 20 m deep (Ref. 189). Presumably feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 189). Eggs recorded off Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil in July and late August to early September, oval in shape and 0.94-1.02 by 0.68-0.83 mm (Ref. 189).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00245 - 0.00814), b=3.14 (2.99 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 215 [131, 529] mg/100g; Iron = 2.15 [1.12, 4.01] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.5, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.222, 0.832] g/100g; Selenium = 17 [7, 40] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.6, 59.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.2 [0.8, 1.8] mg/100g (wet weight);
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