Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Rhinopteridae (Cownose rays)
Etymology: Rhinoptera: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek,pteron = fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
Taxonomic Remarks
Considered valid in McEachran and Seret 1990 (Ref. 4441) but with a note that more recent authors consider it to be immature stages of R. marginata. Further study is needed to clarify problem (Ref. 4441). Tentatively valid in Last et al., 2016, for these differ subltly in their morphology (Ref. 114953:719).
Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas bentopelágico. Subtropical; 38°N - 15°N, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: southern Spain to Senegal, including the Mediterranean.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm WD macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 6678)
Found in tropical to warm temperate coastal waters, but absent from islands of western Pacific. Often forming large groups swimming near the surface and quite destructive of commercial oyster and clam beds. Feeds on bottom-living mollusks, crustaceans and fishes. Seldom marketed. Ovoviviparous, gestation period up to one year with 2-6 embryos produced.
Ciclo de vida e comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Rhinopteridae. p. 71-72. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4441)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 17.1 - 21.7, mean 19.7 °C (based on 136 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00468 - 0.02819), b=2.98 (2.76 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Fec=2).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11 [2, 53] mg/100g; Iron = 0.54 [0.13, 1.54] mg/100g; Protein = 21.5 [16.4, 26.6] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.054, 0.609] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [7.3, 75.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.83 [2.81, 27.94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.539 [0.260, 0.995] mg/100g (wet weight);