इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Rhinopteridae (Cownose rays)
Etymology: Rhinoptera: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek,pteron = fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
Taxonomic Remarks
Considered valid in McEachran and Seret 1990 (Ref. 4441) but with a note that more recent authors consider it to be immature stages of R. marginata. Further study is needed to clarify problem (Ref. 4441). Tentatively valid in Last et al., 2016, for these differ subltly in their morphology (Ref. 114953:719).
पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री बेनथोपिलाजिक. Subtropical; 38°N - 15°N, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: southern Spain to Senegal, including the Mediterranean.
आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm WD पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 6678)
Found in tropical to warm temperate coastal waters, but absent from islands of western Pacific. Often forming large groups swimming near the surface and quite destructive of commercial oyster and clam beds. Feeds on bottom-living mollusks, crustaceans and fishes. Seldom marketed. Ovoviviparous, gestation period up to one year with 2-6 embryos produced.
जीवन चक्र और संभोग व्यवहार
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | उपजाऊपन | लार्वा
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Rhinopteridae. p. 71-72. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4441)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Harmless
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
XML डाउनलोड करें
इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
पसंदीदा तापमान (संदर्भ
123201): 17.1 - 21.7, mean 19.7 °C (based on 136 cells).
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00468 - 0.02819), b=2.98 (2.76 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ
69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): बहुत नीचे, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 14 महीने। (Fec=2).
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
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पोषक तत्व (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11 [2, 53] mg/100g; Iron = 0.54 [0.13, 1.54] mg/100g; Protein = 21.5 [16.4, 26.6] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.054, 0.609] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [7.3, 75.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.83 [2.81, 27.94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.539 [0.260, 0.995] mg/100g (wet weight);