Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 0 - 100 m (Ref. 33839). Subtropical
Eastern Indian Ocean and Southwest Pacific: south coast of Australia; New Zealand (Ref. 5755).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9563)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 56 - 69; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 40 - 50. Body deep (47-60% SL). Snout slightly extended into fleshy process projecting more or less in front of oblique mouth. Scales very small, rather firmly attached; cycloid on both sides, covering head except well anteriorly. Caudal fin rays 14 -17 (Ref. 33839).
Common on silty sand substrates from estuaries and inshore waters down to 100 m depth. Juveniles occasionally entering rivers.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: πειραματικό
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.9 - 18.3, mean 16.6 °C (based on 248 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.00786 - 0.04213), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 107 [44, 243] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.50, 2.26] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.6, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.212 [0.104, 0.434] g/100g; Selenium = 38.1 [17.5, 93.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.74 [0.87, 17.31] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.728 [0.467, 1.155] mg/100g (wet weight);
