分类 / Names
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Dipneusti >
Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfishes) >
Protopteridae (African lungfishes)
Etymology: Protopterus: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Greek, pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335); aethiopicus: Named after Is. Mesmaekers, commander in Boma (Ref. 40587).
More on author: Heckel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 60 m (Ref. 34291), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 34291). 熱帶; 25°C - 30°C (Ref. 2059)
Africa: subspecies Protopterus aethiopicus aethiopicus distributed in Nile basin and lakes Albert, Edward, Victoria, Nabugabo, Tanganyika, Kyoga and No (Ref. 3498), also in Lake Turkana (Ref. 52331). Subspecies P. a. congicus distributed in Congo basin, from Upper Lualaba to Kinshasa (Ref. 3498). Subspecies P. a. mesmaekersi distributed in Lower Congo River basin (Ref. 3498).
非洲: 尼羅河; 艾伯特湖，愛德華湖，維多利亞， Nabugabo 湖，坦噶尼喀, Kyoga 湖與不.(參考文獻 3498)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 73.0, range 70 - 76 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 34290); common length : 130 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 34290); 最大体重: 17.0 kg (Ref. 13302)
Smooth, slimy, cylindrical body with deeply embedded scales (Ref. 28714). Tail pointed and confluent with the long dorsal and anal fins; dorsal fin originating at an equal distance from eye and vent, or nearer to the latter; pectoral and pelvic fins slender and filamentous (Ref. 34290). Perpendicular from dorsal fin origin closer to posterior than to anterior limbs (Bailey 1994). 55-70 scales in a longitudinal series from immediately behind head to above vent; 40-50 scales around body (Ref. 4903, 45485). 37-40 pairs of ribs (Ref. 4903). Dentition consisting of upper and lower tooth plates in the form of sharp cutting ridges (Ref. 34290). Young fish with true external gills, but usually absent in specimens above 15 cm TL (Ref. 34290). Dark slate-grey above, yellowish-grey or pinkish below, often with numerous dark spots or flecks on fins and body; some specimens bright yellow ventrally; sensory canals on head and body outlined in black (Ref. 34290).
平滑的，黏滑的，和圆筒形的身体有深深地深入的鳞片。 (参考文献 28714) 尾部尖的而且与长的背鳍与臀鳍汇合; 背鳍起点在一个相等的距离从眼与排泄孔, 否则较接近后者; 胸鳍与腹鳍细长而丝状的.(参考文献 34290) 55-70个鳞片形成一纵列从在头部正后方在排泄孔之上; 身体的周围 40-50个鳞片.(参考文献 4903, 参考文献 45485) 肋骨: 37-40 对.(参考文献 4903) 包含上下齿板的生齿形成锐利的锐利脊。 (参考文献 34290) 幼鱼有真实的外鳃, 但是通常不存在于标本大于 15 公分TL.(参考文献 34290)
深蓝灰色的上方, 黄灰色或略带桃色的在;之下 时常在鳍与身体上有很多的深色斑点或斑纹;(一些标本鲜黄色的腹地) 在头部与身体上的知觉管边缘是黑色的。 (参考文献 34290)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit river and lake fringes, swamps and floodplains (Ref. 28714). In the Lake Victoria basin found in open lakes and marginal swamps, while in the Lake Tanganyika basin only found near rivers and deltas (Ref. 4967). Juveniles occur in matted roots of papyrus (Ref. 34291). Adults able to survive in streams and swamps that are completely dry for long periods of the year, withstanding desiccation on floodplains by aestivating in cocoons until the next rains, breathing air by a small passage leading to the outside (Ref. 45484). Obligate air-breather (Ref. 126274) under laboratory conditions (Ref. 34291), but under certain conditions lungfish in the wild may not be obligate air-breathers and the use of aerial respiration may be a function of ecological as well as physiological factors (Ref. 58531). Mature individuals breed during the flood season (Ref. 28714). One or several females spawn in burrows which are dug and cleaned by the male, who later guards the eggs and the young. Principal diet of adults and sub-adults consists of mollusks, but small fishes and insects are also eaten in small quantities; young individuals less than 35 cm TL feed almost exclusively on insects (Ref. 34291).
一个必须的呼吸空气的鱼类.(参考文献 34291) 它居住于河与湖穗缘，沼泽与洪泛区。 (参考文献 28714) 在维多利亚湖它被发现于开放的湖与沼泽边缘, 在坦噶尼喀湖流域邻近河与三角州。 (参考文献 4967) 稚鱼被发现于纸草的缠结根。 (参考文献 34291) Protopterus aethiopicus 是生活于能的溪流与沼泽那是完全干长年地.(参考文献 45484) 直到被通到的一个小通道呼吸空气的下一个雨在囊袋中的夏眠洪泛区上抵抗干燥那外面.(参考文献 45484) 它在洪水季節的時候繁殖。 (參考文獻 28714) 一隻或數隻雌性產卵於中洞穴那是藉由挖而且清理雄魚, 誰稍後保衛卵與幼魚。 成魚的主要食性與亞成魚由軟體動物組成，但是小魚與昆蟲也被吃少量地; 幼魚少於 35 公分TL 幾乎只捕食昆蟲.(參考文獻 34291)
Male parent prepares a pit or hole nest, in which more than one female may spawn; once eggs are laid, female leaves the nest and does not return; male guards eggs and young for nearly eight weeks; male not only attacks any would-be intruders but also constantly aerates the water in the nest (Ref. 4903). A multiple spawner (Ref. 41824).非洲: 尼羅河; 艾伯特湖，愛德華湖，維多利亞， Nabugabo 湖，坦噶尼喀, Kyoga 湖與不.(參考文獻 3498)
Gosse, J.-P., 1984. Protopteridae. p. 8-17. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). Volume I. ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. 410 p. (Ref. 3498)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6602 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00155 - 0.00977), b=3.10 (2.88 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=7,800; assumed tm<10; assumed tmax>30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.8 [5.5, 74.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.837 [0.318, 5.003] mg/100g; Protein = 3.82 [0.22, 7.64] %; Omega3 = 0.27 [0.09, 0.82] g/100g; Selenium = 80.5 [25.2, 263.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [6.0, 48.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.886 [0.435, 1.682] mg/100g (wet weight);
