分類 / Names
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Ceratodontiformes (Australian lungfishes)
南美肺魚目 (Australian lungfishes) >
Protopteridae (African lungfishes)
非洲肺魚科 (African lungfishes)
Etymology: Protopterus: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Greek, pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335); aethiopicus: Named after Is. Mesmaekers, commander in Boma (Ref. 40587).
More on author: Heckel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 60 m (Ref. 34291), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 34291). 熱帶; 25°C - 30°C (Ref. 2059)
Africa: subspecies Protopterus aethiopicus aethiopicus distributed in Nile basin and lakes Albert, Edward, Victoria, Nabugabo, Tanganyika, Kyoga and No (Ref. 3498), also in Lake Turkana (Ref. 52331). Subspecies P. a. congicus distributed in Congo basin, from Upper Lualaba to Kinshasa (Ref. 3498). Subspecies P. a. mesmaekersi distributed in Lower Congo River basin (Ref. 3498).
非洲: 尼羅河; 艾伯特湖，愛德華湖，維多利亞， Nabugabo 湖，坦噶尼喀, Kyoga 湖與不.(參考文獻 3498)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 73.0, range 70 - 76 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 34290); common length : 130 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 34290); 最大體重: 17.0 kg (Ref. 13302)
Smooth, slimy, cylindrical body with deeply embedded scales (Ref. 28714). Tail pointed and confluent with the long dorsal and anal fins; dorsal fin originating at an equal distance from eye and vent, or nearer to the latter; pectoral and pelvic fins slender and filamentous (Ref. 34290). Perpendicular from dorsal fin origin closer to posterior than to anterior limbs (Bailey 1994). 55-70 scales in a longitudinal series from immediately behind head to above vent; 40-50 scales around body (Ref. 4903, 45485). 37-40 pairs of ribs (Ref. 4903). Dentition consisting of upper and lower tooth plates in the form of sharp cutting ridges (Ref. 34290). Young fish with true external gills, but usually absent in specimens above 15 cm TL (Ref. 34290). Dark slate-grey above, yellowish-grey or pinkish below, often with numerous dark spots or flecks on fins and body; some specimens bright yellow ventrally; sensory canals on head and body outlined in black (Ref. 34290).
平滑的﹐黏滑的﹐和圓筒形的身體有深深地深入的鱗片。 (參考文獻 28714) 尾部尖的而且與長的背鰭與臀鰭匯合; 背鰭起點在一個相等的距離從眼與排洩孔, 否則較接近後者; 胸鰭與腹鰭細長而絲狀的.(參考文獻 34290) 55-70個鱗片形成一縱列從在頭部正後方在排洩孔之上; 身體的周圍 40-50個鱗片.(參考文獻 4903, 參考文獻 45485) 肋骨: 37-40 對.(參考文獻 4903) 包含上下齒板的生齒形成銳利的銳利脊。 (參考文獻 34290) 幼魚有真實的外鰓, 但是通常不存在於標本大於 15 公分TL.(參考文獻 34290)
深藍灰色的上方, 黃灰色或略帶桃色的在;之下 時常在鰭與身體上有很多的深色斑點或斑紋;(一些標本鮮黃色的腹地) 在頭部與身體上的知覺管邊緣是黑色的。 (參考文獻 34290)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit river and lake fringes, swamps and floodplains (Ref. 28714). In the Lake Victoria basin found in open lakes and marginal swamps, while in the Lake Tanganyika basin only found near rivers and deltas (Ref. 4967). Juveniles occur in matted roots of papyrus (Ref. 34291). Adults able to survive in streams and swamps that are completely dry for long periods of the year, withstanding desiccation on floodplains by aestivating in cocoons until the next rains, breathing air by a small passage leading to the outside (Ref. 45484). Obligate air-breather (Ref. 126274) under laboratory conditions (Ref. 34291), but under certain conditions lungfish in the wild may not be obligate air-breathers and the use of aerial respiration may be a function of ecological as well as physiological factors (Ref. 58531). Mature individuals breed during the flood season (Ref. 28714). One or several females spawn in burrows which are dug and cleaned by the male, who later guards the eggs and the young. Principal diet of adults and sub-adults consists of mollusks, but small fishes and insects are also eaten in small quantities; young individuals less than 35 cm TL feed almost exclusively on insects (Ref. 34291).
在實驗室下面為條件它是一個必須的呼吸空氣的魚類 (參考文獻 34291), 但是在荒野的特定的環境肺魚下面可能不是使負義務呼吸空氣的魚類與使用呼吸空氣可能是一個生態學的功能以及生理學的因素.(參考文獻 58531) 它居住於河與湖穗緣，沼澤與洪泛區。 (參考文獻 28714) 在維多利亞湖它被發現於開放的湖與沼澤邊緣, 在坦噶尼喀湖流域鄰近河與三角州。 (參考文獻 4967) 稚魚被發現於紙草的纏結根。 (參考文獻 34291) Protopterus aethiopicus 是生活於能的溪流與沼澤那是完全乾長年地.(參考文獻 45484) 直到被通到的一個小通道呼吸空氣的下一個雨在囊袋中的夏眠洪泛區上抵抗乾燥那外面.(參考文獻 45484) 它在洪水季節的時候繁殖。 (參考文獻 28714) 一隻或數隻雌性產卵於中洞穴那是藉由挖而且清理雄魚, 誰稍後保衛卵與幼魚。 成魚的主要食性與亞成魚由軟體動物組成，但是小魚與昆蟲也被吃少量地; 幼魚少於 35 公分TL 幾乎只捕食昆蟲.(參考文獻 34291)
Male parent prepares a pit or hole nest, in which more than one female may spawn; once eggs are laid, female leaves the nest and does not return; male guards eggs and young for nearly eight weeks; male not only attacks any would-be intruders but also constantly aerates the water in the nest (Ref. 4903). A multiple spawner (Ref. 41824).非洲: 尼羅河; 艾伯特湖，愛德華湖，維多利亞， Nabugabo 湖，坦噶尼喀, Kyoga 湖與不.(參考文獻 3498)
Gosse, J.-P., 1984. Protopteridae. p. 8-17. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). Volume I. ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. 410 p. (Ref. 3498)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6602 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00155 - 0.00977), b=3.10 (2.88 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=7,800; assumed tm<10; assumed tmax>30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.8 [5.5, 74.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.837 [0.318, 5.003] mg/100g; Protein = 3.82 [0.22, 7.64] %; Omega3 = 0.27 [0.09, 0.82] g/100g; Selenium = 80.5 [25.2, 263.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [6.0, 48.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.886 [0.435, 1.682] mg/100g (wet weight);
