分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Toxotidae (Archerfishes)
射水魚科 (Archerfishes)
More on author: Hamilton.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 25°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672)
Asia and Oceania: Sri Lanka and India to New Guinea and northern Australia.
亞洲與大洋洲: 斯里蘭卡與印度到新幾內亞與澳洲北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2847); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2847); 最大體重: 750.00 g (Ref. 6028)
背棘 (總數) : 5 - 6; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 13; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 17.
Occurs mainly in brackish mangrove estuaries, but also penetrates freshwater rivers and small streams (Ref. 4833, 44894). Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 45255). Found along the shores of flowing and standing waters. Occurs in shaded areas with overhanging vegetation (Ref. 12693, 44894). Inhabits medium to large-sized rivers (Ref. 12975). Also found in lakes and billabongs (Ref. 44894). Feeds at the surface during the day on floating debris which includes insects and vegetable matter (Ref. 2847). Also consumes crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 44894). Renowned for its habit of spitting to dislodge its insect prey from tree branches above the water; maximum shooting range is about 150 cm. Breeds from both fresh and brackish water (Ref. 2847, 44894). Breeding takes place in the wet season. Highly fecund female releases buoyant eggs (Ref. 44894). Lays 20,000 to 150,000 eggs, measuring about 0.4 mm in diameter (Ref. 6028). Occasionally caught by anglers and is reasonable eating (Ref. 44894). Sold fresh in markets.
主要生活在半鹹淡的紅樹林河口, 也深入淡水的河與小的溪流.(參考文獻 4833) 棲息於沿岸水域。 (參考文獻 45255) 發現沿著流動的海岸與不流動的水域了。 用上懸的植物出現於陰暗的區域。 (參考文獻 12693) 棲息於中到大型的河。 (參考文獻 12975) 在包括昆蟲與植物的漂浮的殘礫上為食在水表面在白天期間。 對於他們唾吐逐出來自水上的樹枝的他們的昆蟲獵物的習慣是有名的; 極大射擊範圍是大約 150 公分。 來自兩者的淡水與半鹹淡的水的繁殖.(參考文獻 2847) 生下 20,000 到 150,000個卵, 測量大約 0.4 mm 直徑。 (參考文獻 6028) 生鮮販賣在市場中了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
亞洲與大洋洲: 斯里蘭卡與印度到新幾內亞與澳洲北部。
Allen, G.R., 1991. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Publication, no. 9. 268 p. Christensen Research Institute, Madang, Papua New Guinea. (Ref. 2847)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00640 - 0.04301), b=3.00 (2.77 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2; k=0.31).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 112 [57, 241] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.73, 2.24] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.4, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.241 [0.132, 0.425] g/100g; Selenium = 48.1 [21.6, 100.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.3 [7.1, 81.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.04 [0.69, 1.56] mg/100g (wet weight);
