Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). 熱帶; 25°C - ? (Ref. 2059); 45°N - 27°S
Indo-West Pacific: throughout the Indo-Pacific, from east African coasts to Philippines, Melanesia and Polynesia (Ref. 6802); east African coast south to Transkei (Ref. 52193).
印度-西太平洋: 東非到法屬玻里尼西亞。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5493)
背棘 (总数) : 7; 背的软条 (总数) : 8; 臀棘: 1; 臀鳍软条: 8. Diagnosis: Longitudinal line scales 57-68; preopercular spine present; 8-10 gillrakers on lower part of first branchial arch (Ref. 5493, 79840). Dark brown to black in color; horizontal lines on body; young with spotted fins (Ref. 5493).
深褐色的到黑色的; 在身体上的水平线; 幼鱼有有斑点的鳍。 (参考文献 5493)
Adults inhabit lagoons, estuaries and freshwater (Ref. 6028, 48637, 79840). They occur in the lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bottoms (Ref. 44894). Juveniles are found mainly among mangrove roots in the more saline areas of lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 6028, 79840). Carnivorous (Ref. 79840). Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693).
栖息于舄湖，河口与淡水水域。 (参考文献 6028,48637) 出现于淡水溪流的下面范围, 通常在泥底上.(参考文献 44894) 稚鱼主要地在舄湖与河口的盐分较高区域中的红树林根部之中被发现。 (参考文献 6028) 肉食性。 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 12693)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Spawns eggs on submerged plants with small leaves. Female tends and fans the eggs until hatching and loosely guards the fry for a few days thereafter.印度-西太平洋: 東非到法屬玻里尼西亞。
Maugé, L.A., 1986. Eleotridae. p. 389-398. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MARC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6802)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3082 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 444 [120, 988] mg/100g; Iron = 0.785 [0.362, 1.591] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.137 [0.071, 0.258] g/100g; Selenium = 59.5 [24.6, 138.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [7.4, 110.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.86 [1.16, 2.89] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies. 
