Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); amphidromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 25°C - ? (Ref. 2059); 45°N - 27°S
Indo-West Pacific: throughout the Indo-Pacific, from east African coasts to Philippines, Melanesia and Polynesia (Ref. 6802); east African coast south to Transkei (Ref. 52193).
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5493)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 7; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8; Duri dubur: 1; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Diagnosis: Longitudinal line scales 57-68; preopercular spine present; 8-10 gillrakers on lower part of first branchial arch (Ref. 5493, 79840). Dark brown to black in color; horizontal lines on body; young with spotted fins (Ref. 5493).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Adults inhabit lagoons, estuaries and freshwater (Ref. 6028, 48637, 79840). They occur in the lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bottoms (Ref. 44894). Juveniles are found mainly among mangrove roots in the more saline areas of lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 6028, 79840). Carnivorous (Ref. 79840). Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Spawns eggs on submerged plants with small leaves. Female tends and fans the eggs until hatching and loosely guards the fry for a few days thereafter.
Maugé, L.A., 1986. Eleotridae. p. 389-398. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MARC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6802)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3082 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00345 - 0.02005), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.8 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 444 [120, 988] mg/100g; Iron = 0.785 [0.362, 1.591] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.137 [0.071, 0.258] g/100g; Selenium = 59.5 [24.6, 138.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [7.4, 110.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.86 [1.16, 2.89] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
