Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; مهاجرة بين الياه الملحه و الحلوة لكن ليس للتزاوج (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 25°C - ? (Ref. 2059); 45°N - 27°S
Indo-West Pacific: throughout the Indo-Pacific, from east African coasts to Philippines, Melanesia and Polynesia (Ref. 6802); east African coast south to Transkei (Ref. 52193).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5493)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 7; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 8; شوكة شرجية: 1; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8. Diagnosis: Longitudinal line scales 57-68; preopercular spine present; 8-10 gillrakers on lower part of first branchial arch (Ref. 5493, 79840). Dark brown to black in color; horizontal lines on body; young with spotted fins (Ref. 5493).
Adults inhabit lagoons, estuaries and freshwater (Ref. 6028, 48637, 79840). They occur in the lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bottoms (Ref. 44894). Juveniles are found mainly among mangrove roots in the more saline areas of lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 6028, 79840). Carnivorous (Ref. 79840). Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Spawns eggs on submerged plants with small leaves. Female tends and fans the eggs until hatching and loosely guards the fry for a few days thereafter.
Maugé, L.A., 1986. Eleotridae. p. 389-398. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MARC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6802)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3082 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 444 [120, 988] mg/100g; Iron = 0.785 [0.362, 1.591] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.137 [0.071, 0.258] g/100g; Selenium = 59.5 [24.6, 138.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [7.4, 110.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.86 [1.16, 2.89] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies. 
