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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Cynoglossinae
Etymology: Cynoglossus: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 9 - 125 m (Ref. 9895). Tropical; 32°N - 5°S, 47°E - 134°E

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Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Sri Lanka and Indonesia, north to southern Japan. Reported occurrence of this species from Niue (Ref. 3804) should be verified.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m 20.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 11441); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3391)

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Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 116 - 130; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 85 - 98; Wervels: 50 - 57. Eyed side uniform brown, with a dark patch on gill cover, blind side white. Body elongate, its depth 20 to 26% SL. Eyes with a small scaly interorbital space. Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral hook short. Corner of mouth reaching posteriorly to or beyond lower of eye, about midway between gill opening and tip of snout. Caudal-fin rays usually 10. Midlateral-line scales 56 to 70. Scales large, ctenoid on eyed side of body. Cycloid (smooth) on blind side. Scale rows between lateral lines on eyed side of body 7 to 9 (Ref 9895).

Inhabits muddy and sandy bottoms of the continental shelf down to 125 m. Enters estuaries and tidal rivers (Ref. 1479). Feeds predominantly on bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed mostly fresh and frozen; also dried-salted (Ref. 9895).

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Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Onvoldoende gegevens (DD) ; Date assessed: 12 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 23.5 - 28.7, mean 27.7 °C (based on 550 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00251 - 0.00631), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.24-0.98; tm=2;).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 149 [70, 257] mg/100g; Iron = 0.909 [0.427, 1.502] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [15.9, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.12 [0.05, 0.26] g/100g; Selenium = 63.3 [32.5, 122.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.5 [7.8, 50.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.33 [0.94, 1.82] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)