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Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède, 1802)

Blue-and-yellow grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus flavocaeruleus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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  • Image of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Blue-and-yellow grouper)
    Epinephelus flavocaeruleus
    Picture by Field, R.
  • Image of Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Blue-and-yellow grouper)
    Epinephelus flavocaeruleus
    Juvenile picture by Libert, F.

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 10 - 150 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 19°N - 36°S, 23°E - 98°E (Ref. 5222)

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden south to Port Alfred, South Africa and east to the northwest tip of Sumatra, Indonesia. Also found in the islands of western Indian Ocean, including Cargados Carajos and Rodriguez. Not known from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm ?, range 49 - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 4319); common length : 45.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5450); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 15.0 kg (Ref. 4319)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 11; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 16 - 17; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 8. Adults have yellow fins. Small juveniles about half blue, half yellow (Ref. 48635); distinguished by having sky blue color of head and body in juveniles to dark bluish violet or dark greyish blue in adults; yellow upper lip; ctenoid scales on body except cycloid scales anterodorsally above lateral line and on thorax and abdomen; body of adult with numerous auxiliary scales; moderately deep bodied, greatest depth 2.4-2.8 in SL; truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.0 in head length (Ref. 90102); further characterized by having head length 2.4-2.7 times in SL; preorbital depth 6.8-8.8 times in head length for fish 36-66 cm SL; interorbital area convex; adults posterior nostrils 4-5 times larger than anterior nostrils; subangular preopercle, serrae at angle enlarged; straight to slightly convex upper edge of operculum; maxilla reaches to or slightly past vertical at rear edge of eye; 2-4 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Juveniles inhabit shallow reefs while adults are found on deeper reefs. Feeds on a variety of fishes, crabs, shrimps, spiny lobsters, squids, and small octopi. Solitary (Ref 90102).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 23.3 - 28.1, mean 26.1 °C (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00571 - 0.02419), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  4.2   ±0.55 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 17.7 [8.3, 38.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.409 [0.217, 0.822] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.078, 0.201] g/100g; Selenium = 47 [27, 84] μg/100g; VitaminA = 149 [42, 537] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.05 [0.74, 1.47] mg/100g (wet weight);