分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes)
鱸形目 (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
鬚鯛科 (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 ? - 200 m (Ref. 100719). 熱帶
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and Persian Gulf south to South Africa (reaching Struisbaai, Ref. 11228) and east to the western Pacific. Southeast Atlantic: South Africa (Ref. 5405).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與波斯灣南至南非 (達到 Struisbaai, 參考文獻 11228) 而且東至西太平洋。 東南大西洋: 南非.(參考文獻 5405)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 23.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3470)
背棘 (總數) : 8 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 6. Color variable; with or without a black saddle on caudal peduncle (Ref. 5405).
色彩可變的; 具有或者沒有黑色的鞍狀斑在尾梗上.(參考文獻 5405)
Found on sandy bottoms and murky areas of coastal waters (Ref. 5213).
棲息於沿岸水域的砂質底部與黝暗區域了。 (參考文獻 5213)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與波斯灣南至南非 (達到 Struisbaai, 參考文獻 11228) 而且東至西太平洋。 東南大西洋: 南非.(參考文獻 5405)
Kumaran, M. and J.E. Randall, 1984. Mullidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3. (Ref. 3470)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00510 - 0.01872), b=3.08 (2.92 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [14.0, 58.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.289 [0.147, 0.627] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [14.5, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.135 [0.076, 0.251] g/100g; Selenium = 70 [34, 164] μg/100g; VitaminA = 175 [35, 724] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.488 [0.296, 0.935] mg/100g (wet weight);
