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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Lacepède.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman ? - 200 m (Ref. 100719). Tropical
Southeast Atlantic: South Africa (Ref. 5405). Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and Persian Gulf south to South Africa (reaching Struisbaai, Ref. 11228) and east to the western Pacific.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9710); common length : 23.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3470)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8 - 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8; Duri dubur: 1; Sirip dubur lunak: 6. Color variable; with or without a black saddle on caudal peduncle (Ref. 5405).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found on sandy bottoms and murky areas of coastal waters (Ref. 5213).
Kumaran, M. and J.E. Randall, 1984. Mullidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3. (Ref. 3470)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00524 - 0.01822), b=3.08 (2.92 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.1 [14.0, 58.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.289 [0.147, 0.627] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [14.5, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.135 [0.076, 0.251] g/100g; Selenium = 70 [34, 164] μg/100g; VitaminA = 175 [35, 724] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.488 [0.296, 0.935] mg/100g (wet weight);