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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 8 - 25 m (Ref. 58652). Tropical; 30°N - 24°S
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea to Natal, South Africa (including Madagascar and the Comoro and Reunion islands); Gulf of Aden and the Persian Gulf eastward to Samoa, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia; Caroline and Mariana islands in Micronesia.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 30874)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 14; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 15 - 16; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 7 - 8.
Found in coastal reefs, sandbanks, and near estuaries (Ref. 30573). Enter freshwater (Ref. 7050). Small juveniles occur along sheltered sandy shorelines where they mimic a dead leaf by drifting on their sides (Ref. 37816). Adults mainly in protected inshore reefs to deep offshore, sometimes swims in small groups (Ref. 48635). Excellent food fish (Ref. 2799).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 2799)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.4 °C (based on 3703 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01110 - 0.03588), b=2.93 (2.77 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.5 [11.3, 52.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.465 [0.242, 0.872] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0948 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 32.7 [16.9, 62.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.4 [10.8, 128.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.981 [0.633, 1.547] mg/100g (wet weight);
