分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) >
Retropinnidae (New Zealand smelts) > Prototroctinae
Etymology: Prototroctes: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Greek, troktos, -e, -on = edible (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 46888). 溫帶; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 34°S - 45°S
Oceania: coastal drainages of southeastern Australia from the Grose River near Sydney southward and westward to the eastern part of South Australia, including Tasmania and King Island in Bass Strait.
大洋洲: 在雪梨附近的澳洲東南部從 Grose 河的海岸流域往南而且向西到澳洲南部的東部, 在 bass 海峽中包括塔斯梅尼亞與島國王。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5259); common length : 18.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5259); 最大年龄: 6 年 (Ref. 5259)
Adults inhabit creeks and rivers, usually in cool, clear waters over gravel bottoms in sections alternating between pools and rapids. Usually found in clear, moderate to fast-flowing water in the upper reaches of rivers (sometimes to altitudes above 1000 meters). Often forming aggregations below barriers to upstream movement. Timid species that forms fast-moving shoals (Ref. 44894). Often form large schools especially prior to spawning. Feed on small crustaceans, insects and their larvae and algae. The intestinal tract is long, s specialization to assist in the breakdown of ingested plant material (Ref. 44894). Spawn: Feb.-May; 25,000-68,000 eggs which sink to bottom downstream of spawning site. Hatching: 10-20 days; larvae, 6-7 mm TL, swept downstream to estuaries and the sea, return to freshwater after 6 months.
栖息于小溪与河, 通常在水池与急流之间是交互的在部分中的在砾石底部上的冷又清澈的水域。 在河的上游中的通常发现于清澈又和缓到快速-流动的水.(有时对在 1000 公尺上面的高度) 在对向上游的运动障碍之下时常形成群集。 形成快速移动的浅滩的胆小的种.(参考文献 44894) 时常尤其在产卵之前形成大群鱼群。 吃小型甲壳动物，昆虫与他们的幼体与藻类。 肠道是长的, s 特别化协助摄取的植物的崩溃.(参考文献 44894) 产卵: 二月-五月; 下沉底部产卵位置的下游的 25,000-68,000個卵。 孵化: 10-20 天; 仔魚 , 6-7 mm TL,沖到下游到河口與海洋了, 在 6個月之後回到淡水。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
大洋洲: 在雪梨附近的澳洲東南部從 Grose 河的海岸流域往南而且向西到澳洲南部的東部, 在 bass 海峽中包括塔斯梅尼亞與島國王。
Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7656 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00150 - 0.00920), b=3.14 (2.92 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.45; tmax=6; Fec=25,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
