分類 / Names
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Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) >
Retropinnidae (New Zealand smelts) > Prototroctinae
Etymology: Prototroctes: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Greek, troktos, -e, -on = edible (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 底生の; 両側回遊性 (Ref. 46888). Temperate; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 34°S - 45°S
Oceania: coastal drainages of southeastern Australia from the Grose River near Sydney southward and westward to the eastern part of South Australia, including Tasmania and King Island in Bass Strait.
サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5259); common length : 18.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5259); 最大記録サイズ: 6 年 (Ref. 5259)
Adults inhabit creeks and rivers, usually in cool, clear waters over gravel bottoms in sections alternating between pools and rapids. Usually found in clear, moderate to fast-flowing water in the upper reaches of rivers (sometimes to altitudes above 1000 meters). Often forming aggregations below barriers to upstream movement. Timid species that forms fast-moving shoals (Ref. 44894). Often form large schools especially prior to spawning. Feed on small crustaceans, insects and their larvae and algae. The intestinal tract is long, s specialization to assist in the breakdown of ingested plant material (Ref. 44894). Spawn: Feb.-May; 25,000-68,000 eggs which sink to bottom downstream of spawning site. Hatching: 10-20 days; larvae, 6-7 mm TL, swept downstream to estuaries and the sea, return to freshwater after 6 months.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生
Allen, G.R., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Australia. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 5259)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)
攻撃されやすい (VU) (B2b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)c(iv)); Date assessed: 12 February 2019
Human uses
水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7656 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00150 - 0.00920), b=3.14 (2.92 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高い, １５か月以下の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.45; tmax=6; Fec=25,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
