分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Nemipteridae (Threadfin breams, Whiptail breams)
金線魚科 (Threadfin breams, Whiptail breams)
Etymology: Scolopsis: Name from the Greek masculine noun 'skolos' meaning 'thorn' and suffix '-opsis' (from Greek feminine n. 'opsis' meaning 'aspect', 'appearance') meaning ‘thorny appearance’ presumably referring to 'les dentelures de la préopercule, en ont aussi, et même d'épineuses, aux sous-orbitaires' mentioned by Cuvier (1814) in his designation of the genus. Name ending in -'opsis' are treated as feminine according to ICZN 1999: Article 30.1.2 (Ref. 130620).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 25 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 32°N - 36°S, 66°E - 172°W (Ref. 3810)
Indo-West Pacific: Maldives (Ref. 11303) and the Laccadive Islands to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 37816).
印度-西太平洋: 馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 11303) 與拉克代夫群島到斐濟, 北至日本南部, 南至羅得豪島。 最近記錄自東加。 (參考文獻 37816)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 90102); common length : 13.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3810)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: head scales reaching to or just in front of anterior nostrils; lateral line scales 43-47 (usually 45-46); pectoral fin rays 16-18 (usually 17); snout length less than eye diameter; greatest body depth 2.5-3.0 in SL. Colour dark grey on head and back with diagonal black-edged white band separating dark area from the rest of the mainly whitish body; white blotch below posterior dorsal fin; 3 yellow stripes on upper head; juveniles with alternating black and yellow stripes on the upper half and whitish below, Batesian mimic of the poison-fanged blenny Meiacanthus grammistes (Ref. 90102).
一些地理的變化, 尤其不同的在印度洋與太平洋之間; 太平洋型式有黃色的斑紋與黃色的背鰭, 而印度洋型缺乏黃色者。 (參考文獻 48635) 頭部鱗片延伸到或正好在前鼻孔之前。 前鰓蓋骨的下翼有鱗的。 向前及向上的 (朝向前的) 眶下骨棘呈現眼睛下面。 腹鰭長的, 延伸到或幾乎到臀鰭起點的水平。 具有腋窩的鱗片。 身體的上半部橄欖色或灰褐色的, 下面珍珠色到白色的。 在頭部上的 2條狹窄的黃色斑紋, 另外暗紅色邊的珍珠色到白色的斑紋從嘴巴到軟背鰭基底。 黃色的背部中央的斑紋從上方贊成票沿著背鰭基底。 在軟背鰭鰭條的後半段的基底正下方的一個微白色的小區塊。 在身體的上半部上稚魚有 3條深褐色的斑紋, 斑紋之間的間隙黃色。
Common on coral reefs. Adults occur on most reef habitats, usually in pairs, and juveniles inshore or in lagoons or rubble zones (Ref. 48635). Occurs singly or in small aggregations. Feeds on small fishes and benthic invertebrates. A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 9785). Juvenile mimics poison-fanged blenny Miacanthus grammistes, Batesian mimic (Ref. 90102). Caught mainly by handline and live specimens captured by hand net for the aquarium export trade; no major fishery exists (Ref. 9785). It is parasitised by the monogenean Anoplodiscus hutsonae on the pectoral fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
常見於珊瑚礁。 成魚生存在大多數的礁石棲地上面, 通常成對, 與稚魚在沿海地區或在潟湖或碎石區域中.(參考文獻 48635) 各別地生存或形成小群魚群。 吃小魚與底棲的無脊椎動物。 一個雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 9785)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 11303) 與拉克代夫群島到斐濟, 北至日本南部, 南至羅得豪島。 最近記錄自東加。 (參考文獻 37816)
Russell, B.C., 1990. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 12. Nemipterid fishes of the world. (Threadfin breams, whiptail breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams, and coral breams). Family Nemipteridae. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of nemipterid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(12):149p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 3810)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2688 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00863 - 0.02207), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63.4 [39.7, 131.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.68 [0.33, 1.65] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.146 [0.088, 0.244] g/100g; Selenium = 25.8 [15.1, 46.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 80 [23, 234] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.32 [0.91, 1.91] mg/100g (wet weight);
