分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Fowler.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 35 m (Ref. 86942). 熱帶; 42°N - 35°S, 30°E - 140°E (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and Persian Gulf south to perhaps Durban in South Africa, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and probably Burma. Also from southern Japan to China, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia south to Brisbane, Australia, Japan eastward to Hawaii, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tahiti.
印度-太平洋: 紅海與波斯灣也許南至在南非，巴基斯坦，印度，斯里蘭卡的德爾班, 與可能緬甸。 也從日本南部到中國，菲律賓，泰國，印尼南至布理斯班，澳洲，日本向東至夏威夷，索羅門群島，斐濟，美屬薩摩亞與大溪地島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 7 - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 189)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 15; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 17. Belly rounded with 3 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip blunt, scarcely projecting beyond second supra-maxilla, not reaching to front border of pre-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by small fleshy plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Anal fin short, its origin behind base of last dorsal fin ray.
腹面圓形的對 6個銳利的針狀前腹鰭鱗甲有三個。 顎骨頂端鈍的, 幾乎不突出超過第二個上顎骨, 不延伸到前鰓蓋的前緣。 峽部短, 在鰓蓋膜之間的尾舌骨上前面有小的肉質碟了。 臀鰭短, 它的起點在最後背鰭鰭條的基底後面。
Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). A schooling species found inshore and in oceanic waters, hundreds of miles from land. Sometimes entering large atoll lagoons or deep, clear bays. Ranks among the most important food (bait) for tuna and other large pelagic fishes (Ref. 1602). Processed into nuoc-mam, a kind of fish pickle, in Indo-China (Ref. 4929).
表層帶.(參考文獻 58302) 一個群游性魚種發現沿海地區與在大洋性水域中, 距離陸地數百哩。 有時進入大的環礁潟湖或深且清澈的海灣。 對於鮪魚與其他的大大洋性的魚列為最重要的食物 (誘餌) 之中。 (參考文獻 1602) 加工成 nuoc.-mam ，一種魚醃汁, 在印度支那.(參考文獻 4929)
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).印度-太平洋: 紅海與波斯灣也許南至在南非，巴基斯坦，印度，斯里蘭卡的德爾班, 與可能緬甸。 也從日本南部到中國，菲律賓，泰國，印尼南至布理斯班，澳洲，日本向東至夏威夷，索羅門群島，斐濟，美屬薩摩亞與大溪地島。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 February 2017
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.2, mean 28.3 °C (based on 928 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00307 - 0.00746), b=3.26 (3.13 - 3.39), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=1.1-2.0).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 124 [38, 413] mg/100g; Iron = 1.16 [0.41, 3.17] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [17, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.323 [0.144, 0.762] g/100g; Selenium = 37.7 [12.9, 120.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 49.4 [9.8, 236.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.70, 3.00] mg/100g (wet weight);
