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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Castelnau.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 500 m (Ref. 54925), usually 100 - 300 m (Ref. 54925). Subtropical; 7°N - 37°S, 4°E - 24°E (Ref. 54925)
Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Guinea to South Africa. Bianchi et. al. 1993 notes 'Smith-Vaniz (1992, pers. comm.) does not believe that Trachurus capensis is a valid species but admits that an adequate series of this species along the coast of Africa are not available'.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 32.5, range 20 - 33 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 3166); common length : 30.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 3166)
Adults are found mainly over the continental shelf, often over sand bottoms (Ref. 27121). Shoals rise to feed in surface waters at night and found close to the bottom during the day (Ref. 27121). Juveniles feed mainly on copepods while adults prey on fish and a wide range of invertebrates (Ref. 27121).
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., J.-C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7097)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.2 - 15.2, mean 11.2 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00626 - 0.01674), b=2.94 (2.80 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.8 (2.6 - 10.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.11-0.42; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.52, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 210 [144, 303] mg/100g; Iron = 3.78 [2.52, 5.83] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.7, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.328 [0.240, 0.450] g/100g; Selenium = 27.7 [20.3, 38.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15 [4, 64] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.86 [1.49, 2.46] mg/100g (wet weight);
