Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 5 - 450 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 40 m (Ref. 4710). Subtropical; 66°N - 21°N, 28°W - 41°E
Eastern Atlantic: Iceland and Scotland southward, also North Sea, Kattegat and Baltic; Mediterranean Sea: including Adriatic, Sea of Marmara, Bosporus.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 7.9, range 7 - 8 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 88088); common length : 8.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3397); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 53.28 g (Ref. 88088); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 13 Tahun (Ref. 32766)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 65 - 78; Sirip dubur lunak: 49 - 63. Anterior nostril on blind side not enlarged, anterior nostril on eyed side with a backward-pointing tube, reaching to vertical through front margin of lower eye. Pectoral fins on blind side reduced to a single long and 1-2 short fin rays. The supra-temporal branch of lateral lie without tubular scales. Vertebrae 36-38. Scales rectangular, intercanalicular striae strongly curved.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Demersal on sandy bottoms of continental shelf and slope. Feeds on a wide range of bottom-living organisms, mainly crustaceans (copepods, amphipods, cumaceans), bivalve mollusks, and polychaetes (Ref. 3397).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 8.1 - 18.8, mean 10.6 °C (based on 734 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00711 - 0.00974), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.54-0.61; tm=3; tmax=13).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 170 [59, 359] mg/100g; Iron = 1.17 [0.49, 2.54] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.3, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.228 [0.113, 0.443] g/100g; Selenium = 31.5 [14.9, 70.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.7 [3.1, 50.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.821 [0.515, 1.252] mg/100g (wet weight);