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Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) >
Mormyridae (Elephantfishes)
Etymology: Hyperopisus: Greek, yper = over, up + Greek, pisos, -eos, ous = a wet place.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; آب شيرين; لب شور نزديك كف زي; رود رو (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - 24°C (Ref. 12468)
Africa: all Sahelo-Sudanese river basins (Ref. 81274), including the Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Volta, Ouémé, Ogun and Chad (Ref. 2915). Also in the Nile basin, up to the Albert and Murchison Niles (Ref. 3203).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 33.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 2915); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 1.0 kg (Ref. 3799)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 12 - 16; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 52 - 71. Diagnosis: body depth 3.5-6.2 times in SL, head length 4.5-6.2 times (Ref. 2915, 4903, 81274). Head length 1.6-2.3 times greater than its width (Ref. 2915, 81274) and 6-13.5 times greater than eye diameter (Ref. 81274). Dorsal head profile strongly curved (Ref. 4903), rounded, snout short, thick and blunt (Ref. 81274). Eye small, diameter 1/6 (in young fishes) to 1/9 of head length in adults; mouth small and terminal, teeth notched, 3-5 in upper and 4-6 in lower jaw (Ref. 4903). Anal fin with 52-71 rays, its origin about equidistant from snout tip and caudal-fin base (Ref. 81274). Dorsal fin very short (Ref. 28714, 81274), one fifth or less of the anal fin length (Ref. 4903, 28714), with 12-16 rays (Ref. 4903, 81274) of which the first 2-3 unbranched (Ref. 4903). Anal-fin base 4-7.7 times longer than dorsal-fin base; pectoral fins 1.1- 1.7 times in head length; pelvic fins about half as long as the pectorals (Ref. 2915, 81274). 90-120 lateral line scales (Ref. 4903, 81274) and 16-20 (exceptionally 22) around caudal peduncle (Ref. 81274). Depth of caudal peduncle 1.5-3.6 times in its length (Ref. 2915, 81274).
Coloration: ground color silvery, back darker, olivaceous, brownish or yellowish, with scattered black dots in adults; belly greyish; neck greyish or white; fins greyish (Ref. 81274).
Inhabits both still and flowing waters; breeds in the flood season; feeds on mollusks (Ref. 28714). Possesses electroreceptors over the entire head and on the ventral and dorsal regions of the body, but absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located (Ref. 10011). Its electric organ discharge (EOD) is steroid-sensitive (Ref. 10763; 10764). Fecundity value of 18,924 eggs has been reported for this species (Ref. 10607).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)
Bigorne, R., 1990. Mormyridae. p. 122-184. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, and ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 2915)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00696 - 0.01983), b=2.82 (2.68 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 162 [71, 330] mg/100g; Iron = 1.11 [0.53, 2.16] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.3, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.289 [0.166, 0.489] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [26.5, 98.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19 [8, 48] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.88, 2.35] mg/100g (wet weight);
