分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Mormyridae (Elephantfishes)
象鼻魚科 (Elephantfishes)
Etymology: Hyperopisus: Greek, yper = over, up + Greek, pisos, -eos, ous = a wet place.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°C - 24°C (Ref. 12468)
Africa: all Sahelo-Sudanese river basins (Ref. 81274), including the Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Volta, Ouémé, Ogun and Chad (Ref. 2915). Also in the Nile basin, up to the Albert and Murchison Niles (Ref. 3203).
非洲: 尼羅河流域 (向上到艾伯特湖與 Murchison 尼羅河). 也已知來自塞內加爾，甘比亞，尼日， Benoue ，佛塔河， Oueme ， Ogun ， Logone 與 Chari 的大薩哈拉 - 蘇丹河流域。 (參考文獻 2915)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 33.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2915); 最大體重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 3799)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 16; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 52 - 71. Diagnosis: body depth 3.5-6.2 times in SL, head length 4.5-6.2 times (Ref. 2915, 4903, 81274). Head length 1.6-2.3 times greater than its width (Ref. 2915, 81274) and 6-13.5 times greater than eye diameter (Ref. 81274). Dorsal head profile strongly curved (Ref. 4903), rounded, snout short, thick and blunt (Ref. 81274). Eye small, diameter 1/6 (in young fishes) to 1/9 of head length in adults; mouth small and terminal, teeth notched, 3-5 in upper and 4-6 in lower jaw (Ref. 4903). Anal fin with 52-71 rays, its origin about equidistant from snout tip and caudal-fin base (Ref. 81274). Dorsal fin very short (Ref. 28714, 81274), one fifth or less of the anal fin length (Ref. 4903, 28714), with 12-16 rays (Ref. 4903, 81274) of which the first 2-3 unbranched (Ref. 4903). Anal-fin base 4-7.7 times longer than dorsal-fin base; pectoral fins 1.1- 1.7 times in head length; pelvic fins about half as long as the pectorals (Ref. 2915, 81274). 90-120 lateral line scales (Ref. 4903, 81274) and 16-20 (exceptionally 22) around caudal peduncle (Ref. 81274). Depth of caudal peduncle 1.5-3.6 times in its length (Ref. 2915, 81274).
Coloration: ground color silvery, back darker, olivaceous, brownish or yellowish, with scattered black dots in adults; belly greyish; neck greyish or white; fins greyish (Ref. 81274).
只有的在成魚上的斑點; 體高 3.9-6.2 x SL; 頭長 4.6-6.2 x SL; 頭部在 1.6-2.3 倍於寬的; 臀鰭基底鰭 4-7.7 倍於背鰭基底; 胸的 1.1-1.7個 x 頭長; 腹面 2個 x 比較短的胸鰭; 尾柄是 1.5-3.6個 x 它的長度。
Inhabits both still and flowing waters; breeds in the flood season; feeds on mollusks (Ref. 28714). Possesses electroreceptors over the entire head and on the ventral and dorsal regions of the body, but absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located (Ref. 10011). Its electric organ discharge (EOD) is steroid-sensitive (Ref. 10763; 10764). Fecundity value of 18,924 eggs has been reported for this species (Ref. 10607).
棲息於靜止的或流動的水域, 在洪水季節中繁殖。 吃軟體動物。 (參考文獻 28714) 具有電感受體佈滿整個頭與在身體的腹與背部區域上, 但是發電器官所在的體側與尾梗沒有出現.(參考文獻 10011) 它的發電器放電 (EOD) 是類固醇-敏感的 (參考文獻 10763; 10764)。 產卵數目為 18,924個卵已經是這個種的報告。 (參考文獻 10607)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
非洲: 尼羅河流域 (向上到艾伯特湖與 Murchison 尼羅河). 也已知來自塞內加爾，甘比亞，尼日， Benoue ，佛塔河， Oueme ， Ogun ， Logone 與 Chari 的大薩哈拉 - 蘇丹河流域。 (參考文獻 2915)
Bigorne, R., 1990. Mormyridae. p. 122-184. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, and ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 2915)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00696 - 0.01983), b=2.82 (2.68 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 162 [71, 330] mg/100g; Iron = 1.11 [0.53, 2.16] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.3, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.289 [0.166, 0.489] g/100g; Selenium = 50.9 [26.5, 98.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19 [8, 48] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.88, 2.35] mg/100g (wet weight);
