分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes)
魨形目 (Puffers and filefishes) >
Tetraodontidae (Puffers)
四齒魨科 (Puffers) > Tetraodontinae
Etymology: Ephippion: Greek, ephippion, horse cloth, saddle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bennett.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 100 m (Ref. 10001). 亞熱帶的; 44°N - 13°S, 18°W - 14°E (Ref. 128784)
Eastern Atlantic: Gibraltar and extreme western Mediterranean southward along the entire west coast of Africa to Angola, near Benguela.
東大西洋: 在 Benguela 的附近, 直布羅陀與極端地中海西部南方沿著整個的非洲西岸到安哥拉。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7059); common length : 55.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2683); 最大體重: 4.3 kg (Ref. 4699)
Common in shallow coastal waters, also in estuaries (Ref. 2683), bays and lagoons, as well as in offshore trawling stations. Feeds on crabs, echinoids and mollusks (Ref. 10001). Occurs over hard substrate (Ref. 5377).
常見於沿岸淺水區, 也在河口 (參考文獻 2683) ，海灣與潟湖, 以及在外海拖網站中。 吃螃蟹，海膽與軟體動物。 (參考文獻 10001) 生活在堅硬的底部之上。 (參考文獻 5377)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
東大西洋: 在 Benguela 的附近, 直布羅陀與極端地中海西部南方沿著整個的非洲西岸到安哥拉。
Shipp, R.L., 1990. Tetraodontidae. p. 1069-1072. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7464)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 27.9, mean 25.7 °C (based on 86 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.00723 - 0.03638), b=2.92 (2.74 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51.9 [17.6, 122.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.96 [0.54, 1.98] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.0, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.374 [0.175, 0.735] g/100g; Selenium = 30.7 [16.8, 64.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.44 [3.70, 19.02] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.725 [0.529, 1.009] mg/100g (wet weight);
