Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 172 m (Ref. 114018). Temperate; 54°N - 30°N, 118°E - 118°W
Northwest Pacific: inland Sea of Japan to Kyushu, Japan. Northeast Pacific: From southern California to the western Aleutian Islands (Ref. 114018), Alaska (Ref. 11366).
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 559); common length : 10.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 559); peso máx. Publicado: 10.60 g (Ref. 112063); Idade máx. registada: 3.00 anos (Ref. 125612)
Descrição breve
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 55 - 59; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 28 - 32; Vértebras: 62 - 67. Characterized by having a horizontal skin fold along its ventral contour, and the absence of pelvic fin and teeth. Lateral plicae 160 to 180. Lower jaw pointed. Lateral line system on head not continuous with that on the body.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Found in sand bottoms and may enter semi-enclosed sea areas (Ref. 11230). Forms large schools. Important food fish in Japan (marketed fresh or dried) and marketed fresh but mainly used for meal and oil manufacture in Europe (Ref. 10384). Common size taken from picture in Ref. 559. Maximum size estimated as 1.5 * common size. Two genetically different lineages were found in Japan Sea/East Sea, perhaps representing two different species (J.K. Kim, oral.comm, FishBoL2012, June 2012).
Ciclo de vida e comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: altamente comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 11.9 - 23, mean 19.1 °C (based on 74 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00349 - 0.01089), b=3.05 (2.90 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K=0.6).
Prior r = 0.79, 95% CL = 0.52 - 1.18, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
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Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 86.7 [47.1, 189.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.509 [0.278, 0.951] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.3, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.467 [0.238, 0.873] g/100g; Selenium = 12.6 [5.7, 28.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.4 [7.8, 121.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.773 [0.521, 1.136] mg/100g (wet weight);