Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক তলদেশ বিহারী; মহাসাগরে বিচরনক্ষম (Ref. 51243); গভীরতার পরিসীমা 0 - 172 m (Ref. 114018). Temperate; 54°N - 30°N, 118°E - 118°W
Northwest Pacific: inland Sea of Japan to Kyushu, Japan. Northeast Pacific: From southern California to the western Aleutian Islands (Ref. 114018), Alaska (Ref. 11366).
আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 559); common length : 10.0 cm SL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 559); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 10.60 g (Ref. 112063); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 3.00 বৎসর (Ref. 125612)
পৃষ্ঠীয় কাঁটা (মোট ) : 0; পৃষ্ঠীয় নরম পাখনা দন্ড (মোট ) : 55 - 59; পায়ূ কাঁটা : 0; পায়ূর নরম পাখনা্তুন্ড: 28 - 32; কশেরুকা : 62 - 67. Characterized by having a horizontal skin fold along its ventral contour, and the absence of pelvic fin and teeth. Lateral plicae 160 to 180. Lower jaw pointed. Lateral line system on head not continuous with that on the body.
Found in sand bottoms and may enter semi-enclosed sea areas (Ref. 11230). Forms large schools. Important food fish in Japan (marketed fresh or dried) and marketed fresh but mainly used for meal and oil manufacture in Europe (Ref. 10384). Common size taken from picture in Ref. 559. Maximum size estimated as 1.5 * common size. Two genetically different lineages were found in Japan Sea/East Sea, perhaps representing two different species (J.K. Kim, oral.comm, FishBoL2012, June 2012).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | প্রজনন | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | শুককীট
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: অত্যন্ত বাণিজ্যিক
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.9 - 23, mean 19.1 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00524 - 0.01907), b=3.23 (3.06 - 3.40), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): উচ্চ, সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১৫ মাস (K=0.6).
Prior r = 0.79, 95% CL = 0.52 - 1.18, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 86.7 [47.1, 189.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.509 [0.278, 0.951] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.3, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.467 [0.238, 0.873] g/100g; Selenium = 12.6 [5.7, 28.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.4 [7.8, 121.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.773 [0.521, 1.136] mg/100g (wet weight);
