Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; saumâtre récifal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 20 - 200 m (Ref. 28016), usually ? - 60 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 27°N - 37°S, 29°E - 152°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea (Ref. 12541) south to the southeastern coast of South Africa and east to New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Due to a widespread confusion with Sphyraena putnamae and Sphyraena qenie, the exact range is uncertain.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 2871); common length : 120 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5450); poids max. publié: 11.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 6; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 9; Épines anales: 2; Rayons mous anaux: 7 - 9. Body with dark bars crossing lateral line, each bar oblique in upper half, but nearly vertical in lower half; caudal fin largely yellowish.
Found near prominent current-swept lagoon or seaward reefs (Ref. 9710); also in bays, estuaries and turbid inner lagoons (Ref. 9768). Diurnal and solitary, although the young form schools. Feeds mainly on fishes but also takes squid. Sold fresh, frozen or dried salted. Reports of ciguatera poisoning need confirmation.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves
De Sylva, D.P. and F. Williams, 1986. Sphyraenidae. p. 721-726. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5491)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
Outils
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.6 - 28.5, mean 27.3 °C (based on 442 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00609 - 0.00862), b=2.92 (2.88 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.99 [4.90, 24.38] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.110, 0.480] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [18.5, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.0926 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 48.2 [21.0, 111.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.4 [8.7, 183.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.458 [0.304, 0.776] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
