Coregonus maraena, Maraena whitefish : fisheries, aquaculture

Coregonus maraena (Bloch, 1779)

Maraena whitefish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Coregonus maraena   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Coregonus maraena (Maraena whitefish)
Coregonus maraena
Photo von Freyhof, J.

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> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie

seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser demersal; anadrom (Ref. 88171); tiefenbereich 10 - 20 m (Ref. 130226). Temperate; 69°N - 49°N, 7°E - 37°E (Ref. 59043)

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Europe: In the Baltic Sea: Swedish coast (including Bothnian Gulf, not in Gotland); in southern Baltic, extending from the Schlei to Gulf of Finland. Southeast North Sea Basin: Ems, Weser and Elbe drainages and small rivers of Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark. Landlocked in several lakes in Poland, Sweden, and Russia. Introduced and transplanted in many drainages within its native range and outside westward to Rhine drainage (Ref. 59043). Apparent abundance in Germany, Poland and Scandinavia results from the massive stocking programs without which the populations would rapidly decline. Usually known as C. lavaretus in the Baltic Sea basin. North Sea population might represent a distinct species (Ref. 59043).

Größe / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 593); max. veröff. Gewicht: 10.0 kg (Ref. 593)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie


Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Forages along coasts. Also reported from deep, oligo-mesotrophic lakes. Feeds on benthic prey (crustaceans, molluscs, large insect larvae, small fish). Spawns in shallow water, in rapids or small rivers or over firm sediments in lowland rivers and estuaries. Northernmost stocks undertake the longest migrations between spawning and foraging grounds. In the northern part of the range, individuals may travel as much as 700 km between these areas (Ref. 59043). Growth parameters from Russia suggest a maximum age of 20 years (Ref. 56506) . Members of the genus Coregonus readily hybridise with other Coregonus species and populations (Ref. 89548).

Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven

Adults ascend rivers between June and October (northern Baltic) or November (southern Baltic), when water temperature drops below 10 °C. Spawning occurs in estuarine areas with low salinities or lower reaches of rivers or rapids (Ref. 59043). Coregonus species spawn on gravel and sand bottoms (Ref. 35387). Spawns for the first time at 3-5 years. Some females spawn only every second year (Ref. 59043). Spawners may spend the winter in rivers or near estuaries along the coast (Ref. 89484). Eggs hatch in early spring and larvae drift downstream to estuarine bays or to the sea; juveniles migrate to the sea in summer (Ref. 59043).

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Kottelat, M., 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 November 2023

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen

Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref. 123201): 4.5 - 9.7, mean 7.5 °C (based on 174 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00333 - 0.00907), b=3.20 (3.06 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tm=2-3).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (78 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Very high.