分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps)
鯉形目 (Carps) >
Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps)
鯉科 (Minnows or carps) > Torinae
Etymology: More on authors: Gilchrist & Thompson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 亞熱帶的; 24°S - 30°S
Africa: Orange-Vaal River system.
非洲: 橘色- 瓦爾河系統。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 51.8, range 7 - ? cm
Max length : 82.5 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7248); 最大體重: 22.2 kg (Ref. 7248)
Is the largest scale-bearing indigenous fish species in southern Africa. Adults prefer flowing water in deep channels or below rapids, but the species does well in dams. Mainly a predator, initially taking insects and small crustaceans but piscivore above 30 cm FL. Breeds in mid-summer to late summer over gravel beds in running water. May live for 12 or more years (Ref. 7248). Imported for food in US and Canadian markets (Ref. 4537)
非洲南部中最大的有鱗片的本地魚種是。 成魚在深的峽道中偏愛流動的水或者在急流之下, 但是此魚種在水壩中生存良好。 主要地一個掠食者, 起初吃昆蟲與小型甲殼動物但是體長超過30 公分 FL時食性轉為食魚性。 在流動的水中繁殖於在礫石床上的夏季中旬到夏末。 可以活到 12個或更多數年。 (參考文獻 7248) 在美國與加拿大市場輸入作為食用魚 (參考文獻 4537)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
非洲: 橘色- 瓦爾河系統。
Lévêque, C. and J. Daget, 1984. Cyprinidae. p. 217-342. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2801)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (B2b(ii,iii,v)); Date assessed: 20 December 2016
人類使用
養殖: 實驗的; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00487 - 0.01708), b=3.06 (2.90 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 15.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 60.1 [37.7, 105.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.35 [0.85, 2.10] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [17.3, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.613 [0.265, 1.474] g/100g; Selenium = 30.7 [13.0, 75.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 60.4 [19.6, 206.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.978 [0.706, 1.381] mg/100g (wet weight);
