Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
; air tawar bentopelagis; potamodromous (Ref. 51243). Subtropical; 24°S - 30°S
Africa: Orange-Vaal River system.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 51.8, range 7 - ? cm
Max length : 82.5 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 7248); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 22.2 kg (Ref. 7248)
Is the largest scale-bearing indigenous fish species in southern Africa. Adults prefer flowing water in deep channels or below rapids, but the species does well in dams. Mainly a predator, initially taking insects and small crustaceans but piscivore above 30 cm FL. Breeds in mid-summer to late summer over gravel beds in running water. May live for 12 or more years (Ref. 7248). Imported for food in US and Canadian markets (Ref. 4537)
Lévêque, C. and J. Daget, 1984. Cyprinidae. p. 217-342. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2801)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Budidaya air: percobaan; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00487 - 0.01708), b=3.06 (2.90 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 15.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 60.1 [37.7, 105.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.35 [0.85, 2.10] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [17.3, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.613 [0.265, 1.474] g/100g; Selenium = 30.7 [13.0, 75.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 60.4 [19.6, 206.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.978 [0.706, 1.381] mg/100g (wet weight);
