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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina bentopelágico; anfídromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade ? - 150 m (Ref. 27121). Subtropical; 22°S - 31°S
Southeast Atlantic: known only from the Orange River mouth to Natal, South Africa.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 54.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3198); common length : 65.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3507)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 11; Raios dorsais (total) : 10; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 8. Silvery in color, crossbars fade with age.
Found over sandy substrate, in estuaries and oceanic waters. Enters lagoons (Ref. 3198). Feeds bottom invertebrates, including worms, crabs and shrimp (Ref. 27121). Spawns in the sea but uses estuaries as nursery grounds. Prime angling fish. Important food fish. Sold fresh and whole in markets.
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.5 - 24.1, mean 15.7 °C (based on 28 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00939 - 0.02556), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.8 [12.9, 45.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.664 [0.364, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.191, 0.497] g/100g; Selenium = 45.7 [21.7, 85.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.95 [2.03, 19.38] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.722 [0.505, 1.031] mg/100g (wet weight);
