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Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier, 1829)

White steenbras
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Lithognathus lithognathus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Lithognathus lithognathus (White steenbras)
Lithognathus lithognathus
Picture by FAO

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water benthopelagisch; amfidroom (Ref. 51243); diepte ? - 150 m (Ref. 27121). Subtropical; 22°S - 31°S

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Southeast Atlantic: known only from the Orange River mouth to Natal, South Africa.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm 54.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3198); common length : 65.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3507)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 10; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 8. Silvery in color, crossbars fade with age.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Found over sandy substrate, in estuaries and oceanic waters. Enters lagoons (Ref. 3198). Feeds bottom invertebrates, including worms, crabs and shrimp (Ref. 27121). Spawns in the sea but uses estuaries as nursery grounds. Prime angling fish. Important food fish. Sold fresh and whole in markets.

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Bedreigd (EN) (A2bcd; B2ab(ii,v)); Date assessed: 04 December 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja
FAO - visserij: aanvoer; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Meer informatie

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Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - visserij: aanvoer; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoom, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Publieke aquaria | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 12.5 - 24.1, mean 15.7 °C (based on 28 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00939 - 0.02556), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.1   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (K=0.1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 24.8 [12.9, 45.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.664 [0.364, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.9, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.191, 0.497] g/100g; Selenium = 45.7 [21.7, 85.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.95 [2.03, 19.38] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.722 [0.505, 1.031] mg/100g (wet weight);