分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps)
鯉形目 (Carps) >
Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps)
鯉科 (Minnows or carps) > Labeoninae
Etymology: Cirrhinus: Latin, cirrus = curl fringe (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Issue
The species Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. May 2011: Ref. 86870) following Menon (1999: Ref. 41236). Please send references, or more studies are needed.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - ? m (Ref. 4832). 熱帶; 28°N - 7°N
Asia: native to large rivers in the Indian subcontinent (Ref. 12693). Has been so widely transported in connection to aquaculture that its natural distribution can no longer be determined (Ref. 33488).
亞洲: 在印度的次大陸中原產於大河。 (參考文獻 12693) 曾經如此的廣泛地在和水產業的關聯傳送以致於它的自然分布無法確定.(參考文獻 33488)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 33488); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6028); 最大體重: 12.7 kg (Ref. 4832)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 15; 脊椎骨: 39. Body plain greyish; 12-15 branched dorsal rays (Ref. 43281).
身體單色的略灰色的; 12-15個分枝的背鰭鰭條.(參考文獻 43281)
Adults inhabit fast flowing streams and rivers (Ref. 41236). Can tolerate high levels of salinity. Juveniles are omnivorous to about 5 cm TL, adults are almost entirely herbivorous. Feed on plankton, but also grazes on algae. Spawning occurs in marginal areas of the water body with a depth of 50-100 cm over a sand or clay substrate. A 6 kg female can lay a million eggs (of 1 mm diameter) (Ref. 6028). Widely cultured in India but fails to breed naturally in ponds, thus induced breeding is done. Fishery harvests 40 cm fish weighing 1000 g and of about 3 years. A very active fish that thrives in ponds but spawns in swift rivers. Fingerlings are in great demand for stocking ponds between July and November (Ref. 4832).
棲息於快速地流動溪流與河川。 (參考文獻 41236) 能容忍高度鹽度。 稚魚是雜食性的到大約 5 公分TL, 成魚幾乎完全食草。 吃浮游生物, 也啃食藻類。 在一個沙子或泥土底部上的水身體有深度 50- 100 公分的邊緣區域產卵。 一個 6 公斤母魚能生下百萬個卵 (1 mm 直徑) 。 (參考文獻 6028) 廣泛地在印度養殖但是無法自然地在池塘中繁殖, 如此引誘繁殖被做。 漁場捕穫 40個公分魚秤重 1000 g 與大約 3 年。 在池塘中繁榮的一個非常活躍的魚但是在迅急的河川中產卵。 魚苗是在大的要求方面在七月與十一月之間育種使用池塘.(參考文獻 4832)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
亞洲: 在印度的次大陸中原產於大河。 (參考文獻 12693) 曾經如此的廣泛地在和水產業的關聯傳送以致於它的自然分布無法確定.(參考文獻 33488)
Roberts, T.R., 1997. Systematic revision of the tropical Asian labeon cyprinid fish genus Cirrhinus, with descriptions of new species and biological observations on C. lobatus. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 45:171-203. (Ref. 33488)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00727 - 0.01044), b=3.02 (2.97 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.4 ±0.17 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 13.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.29).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 178 [83, 324] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.51, 1.94] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.206 [0.101, 0.426] g/100g; Selenium = 152 [64, 361] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [4.8, 27.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.745 [0.373, 1.266] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
