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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Robins & Randall.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina revassocierade; djupintervall 3 - 39 m (Ref. 26268), usually 6 - 30 m (Ref. 26268). Tropical; 30°N - 9°N

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Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Bahamas to Curaçao and Colombia.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 5.1 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 69 - 75; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 56 - 61. Body pale with six to ten large dark blotches which are variously positioned in different individuals but frequently at the periphery of the body; upper and lower blotches are generally in vertical alignment, the last pair often confluent; scattered small dark spots on head and body (Ref. 13442).

Inhabits bays and shallow coastal waters.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Munroe, T.A., 1998. Systematics and ecology of tonguefishes of the genus Symphurus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) from the western Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. 96(1):1-182. (Ref. 26268)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell; Akvarium: Kommersiell

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25.6 - 28, mean 27.1 °C (based on 130 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Symphurus arawak Robins & Randall, 1965