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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Robins & Randall.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien rifbewoner; diepte 3 - 39 m (Ref. 26268), usually 6 - 30 m (Ref. 26268). Tropical; 30°N - 9°N

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Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Bahamas to Curaçao and Colombia.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 5.1 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251)

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Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 69 - 75; Anale zachte stralen: 56 - 61. Body pale with six to ten large dark blotches which are variously positioned in different individuals but frequently at the periphery of the body; upper and lower blotches are generally in vertical alignment, the last pair often confluent; scattered small dark spots on head and body (Ref. 13442).

Inhabits bays and shallow coastal waters.

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Munroe, T.A., 1998. Systematics and ecology of tonguefishes of the genus Symphurus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) from the western Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. 96(1):1-182. (Ref. 26268)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquarium: Commercieel

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 25.6 - 28, mean 27.1 °C (based on 130 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Symphurus arawak Robins & Randall, 1965